摘要
采用粪便显微组织分析法和直接观察法对崇明东滩越冬白头鹤进行食性研究.结果表明:崇明岛东滩越冬白头鹤的觅食地在98堤外滩涂,主要位于海三棱草群落外带和中间带的潮沟附近,内带是白头鹤在大潮高潮时的觅食地及休息地.白头鹤的越冬食性分析,占总重量99%的食物成分为海三棱草的地下球茎和根茎(根状茎),对地下球茎特别偏爱,很少食用海三棱草的种子.潮汐冲刷作用使潮沟附近海三棱草球茎和根茎裸露,为白头鹤取食带来便利条件.白头鹤与小天鹅食性相似,但两者具有明显的生态隔离.由于白头鹤大部分时间在滩涂自然湿地上活动和觅食,因此崇明东滩对于保护白头鹤非常重要.但目前人类活动特别是围垦对白头鹤及其栖息地带来严重干扰.
Food habits of Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) in winter were studied at the east tidelands of Chongming Island from November 2001 to March 2002. Hooded Crane foraged at the tidelands outside the dykes built in 1998. The outer zone (far from the dyke) and middle zone of seabullrush were suitable foraging habitats for the Hooded Crane, while the inner zone (near the dyke) was the roosting sites of the Hooded Crane during high tide of spring tide. The corms and rhizomes were the main foods of the Hooded Crane, which composed of about 99% of its total food contents. Fewer seeds of the seabullrush were eaten by the Hooded Crane. The corms and rhizomes of seabullrush were buried underground shallower than other regions on the tidelands due to tidewater erosion. For easy access to food, Hooded Crane tended to select the regions near the tide channels as their foraging habitats. Despite the similar food contents between Hooded Crane and whistling swan, obvious ecological separation occurred in their foraging behaviors, foraging times and foraging habitats. Reclamation of tidelands and human activities brought serious disturbance to the Hooded Crane. Since they are important natural wintering habitats for Hooded Crane, the tidelands of Chongming Island should be conserved.
出处
《复旦学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第6期609-613,共5页
Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science
基金
世界自然基金会(WWF)资助项目
上海科技发展基金资助项目(99XD14007)
BpConservationProgaramme资助项目(NO.1417)
上海市博士后基金资助项目
关键词
崇明东滩
越冬
白头鹤
食性
海三棱lu草
Chongming
Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
wintering
food habits
sea-bullrush
