摘要
阐述了酸沉降产生的原因及其对生态环境和人类健康的影响,指出由于矿质燃料的燃烧、人为排放SO_2和NO_x导致气溶胶和云雨逐渐酸化。当森林暴露在高浓度SO_2和NO_x下时森林会衰退,表现为叶片发黄和落叶甚至死亡,土壤持续酸化导致盐基离子淋失和土壤溶液中铝离子富集是森林衰退的主要机制,土壤养分亏缺也是森林衰退的主要原因。在酸沉降敏感地区水体酸化和铝离子富集造成湖泊和河流严重酸化及鱼类大量损失。酸沉降与气态污染对水生与陆地生态系统造成大面积损害,并影响到人类的健康。
Anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides,mainly from fossil fuel combustion,have led to an increased acidity of aerosol particles and rainy water,then precipitating in industrialized regions and even far away.Symptoms of declined forest,because of its exposure to high concentrations of gaseous pollutants of SO2 and NOx,range form foliage yellowing and loss to tree mortality.Cation leaching of soils by acid deposition with subsequent soil acidification and enrichment of the soil solution with Al have been regarded as the major mechanism leading to forest decline.Nutrient deficiencies have also been thought as the main cause.In sensitive regions receiving acid deposition,waters are often acidic and Al-rich,this makes the lakes and streams serious acidification and fisheries loss.Acid deposition as well as direct effects of gaseous air pollutants cause a widespread damage to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and also has an impact on human health.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
2003年第1期107-109,共3页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金(40071046
49831005)
国家重点基础研究(973)发展规划项目(1999011801-3)
