摘要
喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)是青藏高原鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫的主要贮存宿主。调查结果表明,喜马拉雅旱獭冬眠期长达6个月。冬眠洞一般选择在阳坡或半阳坡,结构复杂,桂洞多,洞道最短18.6m,最长26.8m,个别洞可达30m以上。夏、冬巢室容积分别为0.18m^3和0.23m^3。首次发现旱獭在初出蜇时,有食巢草现象。冬眠期旱獭心跳20次/分钟,呼吸14次/分钟,从巢室取出后20分钟查心跳62次/分钟,呼吸22次/分钟。剖检观察旱獭子宫斑6～8个,无受孕现象。共剖洞68个,收集跳蚤8493只,旱獭主要寄生蚤有斧形盖蚤,谢氏山蚤和腹窦纤蚤深广亚种。在10月份旱獭人蜇到翌年3月份,三种蚤的平均蚤指数分别为23.58、25.58和31.48;这三种蚤在4～6月份的平均蚤指数分别为95.65、119.76和28.00。
Marmota himalayana is the main reservoir host of plague in Qinghai-Tibatan Plateau. Investigation results show that hibernation period of the marmota is up to 6 months. Its lair in which the structure is complicated is generaly located on the sun-shone hill with numerous branch caves in which the miniumum and maximum lengths are 18.6 and 30 meters,respectively, 1.8 and 3 meters deep. The volumes of the summer and winter lairs are 0.18 and 0.23 cubic meters respectively. It was found, for the first time, that the hay in the winter lair was eaten by the marmota. The uterus from 6 to 8 marmotes were dissected and no pregnance were found. Heart rate raised gradually from 20 to 62 per minute and respiration rate from 14 to 22 per minute after being waked up for 3 minutes. 8 493 fleas were collected from 68 lairs, the main fleas parasitized on Marmota himalayana were Callopsylladolabris.Oropsylla silantiewi and Rhadinopsylla liventricosa. The average flea indexes for the 3 flea species from October to next March when the marmota was in hibernation were 23.58, 25.35 and 31.48 while they were 95.65,119.76 and 28 from April to June.
出处
《地方病通报》
1992年第4期51-55,共5页
Endemic Diseases Bulletin
关键词
青藏高原
生态学
冬眠期
旱獭
Qinghai-Tibeten Plateau
Natural foci of plague
Marmota himalayana
Hibernation period
Ecology
