摘要
目的通过分析2020—2024年通江县肺结核病疫情趋势,为后续制定防控措施提供参考依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测系统导出2020—2024年通江县肺结核病例信息,使用Excel 2016、SPSS 17.0软件建立数据库及数据分析。率的比较及趋势分析使用χ^(2)或χ^(2)_(趋势)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2020—2024年通江县共报告肺结核病例1636例,年均报告发病率为57.87/10万,发病率总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=49.892,P<0.001)。利福平耐药病例占比总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=8.144,P=0.004)。每月均有肺结核病例报告,3月最多(176例),11月最少(110例),不同月份报告病例数构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.845,P=0.003)。男性患者数(1145例)多于女性(491例),男、女年均发病率分别为79.89/10万、35.23/10万,男性年均发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=243.696,P<0.001)。年均发病率年龄别曲线呈双峰分布,峰值在15~<25岁和≥65岁组,发病率分别为91.10/10万和100.67/10万,不同年龄段发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=485.426,P<0.001)。病例职业分布居前3位的分别是农民988例、学生235例、家务及待业169例,分别占60.39%、14.36%和10.33%。农民发病构成比总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=36.988,P<0.001),学生发病构成比总体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=50.844,P<0.001)。肺结核年均发病率居前5的乡镇分别为兴隆镇(101.66/10万)、长坪镇(91.18/10万)、胜利乡(91.09/10万)、两河口镇(86.30/10万)和龙凤场镇(83.96/10万)。符合预防性治疗条件的潜伏感染者126例,50例接受预防性治疗,接受治疗比例39.68%,接受预防性治疗比例总体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=12.716,P=0.013)。结论通江县肺结核报告发病率及利福平耐药患者占比均呈现上升趋势,疫情防控形势较严峻。需从加强主动发现、扩大预防性治疗覆盖面、完善保障制度等多维度共同发力,遏制结核病蔓延态势。
Objective Through analyzing the trends in the pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic in Tongjiang County from 2020 to 2024,to provide a reference basis for the formulation of subsequent prevention and control measures.Methods The pulmonary tuberculosis case information of Tongjiang County from 2020 to 2024 was exported from the infectious disease monitoring system of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.The database was established and the data analysis was conducted using Excel 2016 and SPSS 17.0 softwares,respectively.The comparison and trend analysis of rates were conducted using the Chi-square(χ^(2))or the Chi-square for trend(χ^(2)_(trend))test,with the significance level set atα=0.05.Results A total of 1636 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Tongjiang County from 2020 to 2024.The average annual reported incidence rate was 57.87/105.The overall incidence showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=49.892,P<0.001).The proportion of rifampicin-resistant cases generally showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=8.144,P 0.004).Cases were reported every month throughout the year.The highest number of cases was reported in March(176 cases),and the lowest in November(110 cases).The difference in the composition ratio of reported cases among different months was statistically significant(χ^(2)=27.845,P0.003).The number of male patients(1145 cases)was higher than that of female patients(491cases).The average annual incidence rates of males and females were 79.89/105 and 35.23/105,repectivley.The average annual incidence rate of males was higher than that of females,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=243.696,P<0.001).The age-specific curve of the annual incidence rate exhibited a bimodal distribution,with peaks occurring in the 15-<25 and≥65 years old age groups,and with the incidence rates being 91.10/105 and 100.67/105,respectively.The difference in incidence rates among different age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=485.426,P<0.001).The top three occupations in the case distribution were farmers(988 cases,60.39%),students(235 cases,14.36%),and homemakers or the unemployed(169 cases,10.33%).The proportion of cases among farmers generally showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=36.988,P<0.001),while the proportion of cases among students generally showed a downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=50.844,P<0.001).The top five townships in terms of average annual incidence rate were Xinglong Town(101.66/105),Changping Town(91.18/105),Shengli Township(91.09/105),Lianghekou Town(86.30/105),and Longfengchang Town(83.96/105).There were 126 latent tuberculosis infections that met the criteria for preventive treatment,among which 50 received the treatment,with an acceptance rate of 39.68%.The overall acceptance rate of preventive treatment showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=12.716,P=0.013).Conclusions The incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Tongjiang County and the proportion of patients with rifampicin resistance showed an upward trend,and the epidemic prevention and control situation in Tongjiang County is rather severe.It is necessary to take multi-dimensional measures such as strengthening active detection,expanding the coverage of preventive treatment,and improving the security system to curb the spread of tuberculosis.
作者
郑自睿
向小平
李鑫
ZHENG Zirui;XIANG Xiaoping;LI Xin Tongjiang(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Bazhong 636700,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》
2026年第1期17-23,共7页
Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases
关键词
肺结核
发病率
预防性治疗
疫情趋势
pulmonary tuberculosis
incidence rate
preventive treatment
epidemic trend
