摘要
金山卫是明代东南沿海抗倭防线的重要据点。明初为增强沿海防卫力量,设卫筑城,以之为核心的松江海防逐步建立。至明中叶,国家承平,武备松弛,但金山卫依然保有重镇地位,嘉靖倭乱的爆发与平息,客观上使其军力得到整肃。与此同时,卫所各类事务的运作,往往与地方州县行政交织紧密。明廷为维护地方稳定,有意拆分金山卫较独立的事权,形成州县、卫所行政权力相互制衡的局面。至晚明时,地方陆续出现“改卫为州”的声音,但此动议最终未能在明代实施,原因在于卫所军事职能难以被地方州县轻易替代。随着清代卫所改革的潮流,金山卫最终转化为县。军政、民政两大系统的分割虽历经长时段的努力,但“改卫为州”的施行与推进仍不彻底。理清金山卫的发展历程,有助于学界更好理解明清江南卫所的沿革与转型。
Jinshan Wei served as a crucial stronghold in the anti-Japanese pirates coastal defense line along the southeastern coast during the Ming dynasty.In the early Ming period,to strengthen coastal defense,garrisons(weisuo)were established and a walled town constructed,forming the core around which the Songjiang Fu coastal defense system was gradually developed.By the mid-Ming era,although national stability had led to a relaxation of military preparedness,Jinshan Wei retained its status as a key strategic site.The outbreak and subsequent suppression of the Japanese pirate disturbances during the Jiajing reign objectively contributed to the consolidation of its military forces.Concurrently,the administration of various garrison affairs often intertwined closely with local prefectures(fu)and districts(xian)governance.To maintain regional stability,the Ming court deliberately fragmented the relatively autonomous administrative authority of Jinshan Wei,creating a system of checks and balances between civilian and military administrative powers.By the late Ming period,local proposals emerged to transition from military garrisons to civilian prefectures,a reform known as“converting garrisons into departments(zhou).”However,this initiative was never implemented during the Ming dynasty,primarily due to the irreplaceable military functions of garrisons by local civilian administrations.Following the trend of garrison reforms in the Qing dynasty,Jinshan Wei was eventually transformed into a district.Despite prolonged efforts to separate military and civilian administrative systems,the implementation and advancement of the“garrison-to-department”transition remained incomplete.Clarifying the developmental trajectory of Jinshan Wei will contribute to a better scholarly understanding of the evolution and transformation of garrisons in the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
出处
《史林》
北大核心
2026年第1期123-133,219,共12页
Historical Review
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“唐宋以来太湖平原的环境变化与治理研究”(24&ZD272)阶段性成果。
