摘要
目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)各级疾控机构生活饮用水实验室检测能力现状,分析各指标检测能力不足的主要原因,提出针对性改进策略,为保障饮水安全提供技术支撑。方法参照GB 5749—2022《生活饮用水卫生标准》和GB/T 5750—2023《生活饮用水标准检验方法》,对全区110家疾控机构开展问卷调查,包括实验室人员构成、仪器配备及地(州、市)疾控机构97项全项指标,以及县(市、区)疾控机构43项常规指标的生活饮用水水质检测能力和不能检测的原因等情况。结果全区共591名水质检验人员,其中地(州、市)级146人,县(市、区)级445人,每个疾控机构平均5人。地(州、市)疾控机构中,20类仪器配置率为100.00%,但“两虫”(贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫)检测设备(21.43%)和全自动测汞仪(50.00%)配置不足;县(市、区)疾控机构中,14类仪器配置率达50.00%,但ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子质谱仪)(7.29%)、超高效液相色谱-四级杆串联质谱仪(2.08%)等高端设备稀缺。地(州、市)和县(市、区)疾控机构水质常规指标(43项)检测能力M(P25,P75)分别为41.00(40.50,43.00)和20.00(10.00,32.75);地(州、市)疾控机构水质扩展指标(54项)检测能力M(P25,P75)为28.50(16.00,52.00),地(州、市)级和县(市、区)级的常规指标检测能力差异有统计学意义(Z=−5.638,P<0.001)。地(州、市)疾控机构不具备检测能力的主要原因为无检测试剂(占39%),其次是无标准品(占25%);县(市、区)疾控机构不具备检测能力的原因为无检测设备(占38%),其次是无检测人员(占24%)。结论新疆饮用水水质检测能力,地(州、市)疾控机构扩展指标的检测能力较为薄弱、县(市、区)疾控机构常规指标的检测能力整体偏弱。提升全区疾控机构水质检测能力需坚持“分层施策、精准发力”,县(市、区)级重点补基础、强硬件,地(州、市)级重点攻难点、破瓶颈,同时加强资源整合和信息化建设,为全区饮用水安全提供全面技术保障。
Objective To assess the current laboratory testing capability for potable water in centers of disease control(CDCs)at all levels in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang),analyze the main reasons for insufficient testing capability for various indicators,propose targeted improvement strategies,and provide technical support for ensuring drinking water safety.Methods According to GB 5749-2022 Standards for Drinking Water Quality and GB/T 5750-2023 Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 110 CDCs across Xinjiang.The survey covered laboratory personnel composition,equipment availability,and the capability to test 97 full items in prefectural/municipal-level CDCs and 43 routine indicators in county/district-level CDCs,including reasons for incapability to perform certain tests.Results There were a total of 591 water quality testing personnel in Xinjiang,comprising 146 at the prefectural/municipal level and 445 at the county/district level,with an average of 5 persons per CDC.Among prefectural/municipal CDCs,the allocation rate for 20 types of instruments reached 100.00%,but equipment for detecting"two parasites"(Giardia and Cryptosporidium)(21.43%)and fully automated mercury analyzers(50.00%)were insufficient.Among county/district CDCs,the allocation rate of 14 types of instruments reached 50.00%,but high-end equipment such as ICP-MS(7.29%)and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS(2.08%)were scarce.The median testing capability for routine water quality indicators(43 items)was 41.00(P25,P75:40.50,43.00)for prefectural/municipal CDCs and 20.00(P25,P75:10.00,32.75)for county/district CDCs.The median capability for extended indicators(54 items)in prefectural/municipal CDCs was 28.50(P25,P75:16.00,52.00).The difference in routine indicator testing capability between prefectural/municipal and county/district levels was statistically significant(Z=−5.638,P<0.001).The main reason for lacking testing capability in prefectural/municipal CDCs was the absence of testing reagents(39%),followed by lack of reference standards(25%);in county/district CDCs,it was primarily due to lack of equipment(38%),followed by insufficient trained personnel(24%).Conclusions Water quality testing capability in Xinjiang shows relative weakness for extended indicators at the prefectural/municipal level and generally suboptimal capability for routine indicators at the county/district level.Enhancing testing capability requires"tailored strategies and targeted efforts":county/district levels should focus on strengthening foundational capability and hardware,while prefectural/municipal levels should address technical challenges and bottlenecks.Simultaneously,capability should be reinforced through resource integration and informatization to provide comprehensive technical support for drinking water safety across the region.
作者
龚海蓉
李菁
杨忠俊
李方
王庆国
GONG Hai-rong;LI Jing;YANG Zhong-jun;LI Fang;WANG Qing-guo(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Preventive Medicine),Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2026年第1期80-84,102,共6页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
基金
2025年度自治区卫生健康保健科研专项项目(BY202503)。
关键词
疾控机构
生活饮用水
检测能力
Disease control institutions
Drinking water
Testing capability
