马克思生产力概念的三重意蕴及其当代意义——从《评李斯特》谈起

The Tripartite Dimensions of Marx’s Concept of Productive Forces and Their Contemporary Significance—Starting from the Discussion on Review of List

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摘要《评李斯特》是马克思最初阐发生产力概念的社会性、历史性与革命性内涵的文本。李斯特摒弃了斯密基于商业逻辑将生产力简化为生产率的做法,转而将工业作为主导生产力发展的基础力量,试图建立生产力与社会历史发展的关联。但李斯特以民族竞争叙事掩盖了资本主义的内在矛盾,最终将生产力神秘化为超历史的范畴。基于对李斯特的生产力理论的批判性考察,马克思不但将工业确立为理解生产力的现实起点,而且揭示出工业的本质在于它唤起了创造人生活条件的社会性力量、自然与社会统一的历史性力量以及人类解放的革命性力量。“工业唤起的力量”这一核心命题彰显了马克思的生产力概念的三重意蕴,时至今日仍具有重要意义。这三重意蕴是:回归文本价值,明确《评李斯特》是马克思生产力概念的“诞生地”;重新阐释经典,把握“生产力三要素论”的解释限度;直面当下现实,回应海外学界对新质生产力的误解。 Review of List is the text in which Marx initially expounded the social,historical,and revolutionary connotations of the concept of productive forces.Unlike Smith,who reduced productive forces to productivity based on commercial logic,List identified industry as the foundational force driving the development of productive forces,attempting to link productive forces with socio-historical development.However,by masking the internal contradictions of capitalism through a narrative of national competition,List ultimately mystified productive forces into a transhistorical category.Based on a critical examination of List’s theory of productive forces,Marx not only established industry as the realistic starting point for understanding productive forces,but also revealed the essence of industry as the awakening of fundamental powers:the social power creating human living conditions,the historical power unifying nature and society,and the revolutionary power driving human emancipation.The core proposition of“the forces awakened by industry”highlights the tripartite implications of Marx’s concept of productive forces,which remain profoundly significant today.These three implications are:returning to textual value,to clarify that Review of List is the“birthplace”of Marx’s concept of productive forces;reinterpreting the classics to understand the explanatory limitations of the“three-factor theory of productive forces”;and confronting contemporary reality to respond to overseas academic misinterpretations of new-quality productive forces.

作者韩志伟刘姝妤 Han Zhiwei;Liu Shuyu

机构地区吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院吉林大学哲学社会学院

出处《山东社会科学》北大核心 2026年第1期57-66,共10页 Shandong Social Sciences

基金教育部人文社会科学基地重大项目“主体性原创性当代中国哲学的理论思维研究”(项目编号:25JJD720002)的阶段性成果。

关键词生产力《评李斯特》社会历史性工业新质生产力 productive forces Review of List social historicity industry new-quality productive forces

分类号 A811 [哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]