摘要
壮语、布央语■iu^(2)类差比标记分布在滇东南及滇桂交界地带,具有标记长、短差比式的语法功能。壮语■iu^(2)类标记借自中古汉语“如”,布央语又从当地壮语借入,形成“汉>壮>布央”的语言接触链。通过■iu^(2)“如”类与侗台语其他外源性差比标记的比较,得出四点结论:分布方面,■iu^(2)“如”类覆盖的语种最少,处于最西端;借源方面,加上■iu^(2)“如”类,已知的借词标记半数来自中古汉语;语法功能方面,只有■iu^(2)“如”类标记短差比式的功能具有普遍性;借词语义方面,■iu^(2)“如”类未借入实词功能,其借源的差比标记功能并非来自“超过”义实词,这两点具有独特性。
Disparity sentence marker ■iu^(2)in Zhuang(壮)and Buyang(布央)languages are distributed in southeast Yunnan(云南)and the border area of Yunnan(云南)and Guangxi(广西).It can be used as both long and short disparity sentence marker.Zhuang(壮)language ■iu^(2)was borrowed from the Middle Chinese word ru(如),then Buyang(布央)language borrow ■iu^(2)from the local Zhuang(壮)language.The language contact chain of"Chinese>Zhuang(壮)>Buyang(布央)”has formed.By comparing the niu with other exogenous disparity sentence marker in Kam-tai language,four conclusions are drawn:In terms of distribution,the number of languages which have ■iu^(2)is the lowest,and ■iu^(2)is distributed in the far west.In terms of source,with the addition of ■iu^(2),the proportion loanword marks from the Middle Chinese have been reached fifty percent.In terms of grammatical function,only the function of ■iu^(2)to be disparity sentence marker is universal.In terms of loanword semantics,■iu^(2)did not borrow content words function from ru(如)and it's source ru(如)'s marker function does not come from"exceed"meaning.The above two points have particularity.
作者
杨正瑛
李锦芳
YANG Zheng-ying;LI Jin-fang(College of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《语言研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期145-151,共7页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术研究团队项目“濒危仡央语支的深度调查与语言文化资源数字化”(22V JXT012)
中央民族大学学术团队引领支持项目“中华民族语言接触的特点、规律及意义”(2024XSYL05)。
关键词
壮语
布央语
■iu^(2)
差比标记
中古汉语借词
Zhuang(壮)language
Buyang(布央)language
■iu^(2)
Disparity sentence marker
Middle Chinese loanword
