摘要
为了研究不同种源马尾松(Pinus massoniana)针叶精油的提取率及化学组分,在同一立地条件,摘取浪水、古蓬、福建、都匀、桐棉共5个种源的马尾松针叶,通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取针叶精油,使用油水分离器收集针叶精油并计算提取率,采用单因素实验优化针叶精油提取工艺,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)、气相色谱(GC)分析针叶精油的化学组分和相对质量分数。结果表明:最优的马尾松针叶精油提取条件是松针原料为100 g、质量分数2%的氯化钠溶液体积为800 mL、蒸馏时间为2 h,在该条件下针叶精油的提取率为0.61%。马尾松针叶精油主要由单萜、倍半萜和醇类物质组成,通过气相色谱-质谱联用共检测和鉴定出马尾松针叶精油化合物37种,其中单萜物质8种、倍半萜物质14种、醇类物质10种、酯类物质2种、醚类物质1种、酮类物质1种、萜类氧化物1种。浪水、古蓬、福建、都匀、桐棉5个种源的马尾松针叶含水率分别为57.533%、52.367%、55.700%、56.467%、53.500%;针叶精油提取率分别为0.482%、0.614%、0.602%、0.543%、0.582%。不同种源马尾松针叶精油的化合物种类基本相同,但各化合物的相对质量分数有所差别。马尾松针叶精油提取率与针叶含水率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与针叶精油中α-蒎烯和单萜的相对质量分数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。
To investigate the extraction rate and chemical components of needle essential oils from Pinus massoniana Lamb.of different provenances,needles were collected from five provenances(Langshui,Gupeng,Fujian,Duyun,and Tongmian)under the same site conditions.The essential oils were extracted via steam distillation,collected using oil-water separator,and the extraction rate was calculated.A single-factor experiment was conducted to optimize the extraction process,while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatography(GC)were employed to analyze the chemical components and their relative mass fractions.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for P.massoniana needle essential oil were as follows:100 g of pine needle raw material,800 mL of 2%sodium chloride solution,and a distillation time of 2 h.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of the essential oil was 0.61%.The needle essential oil of P.massoniana was mainly composed of monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,and alcohols.A total of 37 compounds were detected and identified by GC-MS,including 8 monoterpenes,14 sesquiterpenes,10 alcohols,2 esters,1 ether,1 ketone,and 1 terpenoid oxide.The moisture contents of the needles from the five provenances(Langshui,Gupeng,Fujian,Duyun,Tongmian)were 57.533%,52.367%,55.700%,56.467%,and 53.500%,respectively,the extraction rates of the needle essential oils were 0.482%,0.614%,0.602%,0.543%,and 0.582%,respectively.The types of compounds in the needle essential oils were basically consistent across different provenances,but the relative mass fractions of each compound varied.The extraction rate of P.massoniana needle essential oil was extremely significantly negatively correlated with needle moisture content(P<0.01),and significantly positively correlated with the relative mass fractions ofα-pinene and monoterpenes in the essential oil(P<0.05).
作者
谢俊康
冯源恒
杨章旗
孟中磊
吴东山
贾婕
Xie Junkang;Feng Yuanheng;Yang Zhangqi;Meng Zhonglei;Wu Dongshan;Jia Jie(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,P.R.China)
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
北大核心
2026年第3期102-108,共7页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
广西林业科技推广示范项目(桂林科字[2022]第22号)
广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室自主课题资助项目(2023-A-01-01)。
关键词
马尾松
种源
针叶精油
提取率
化学组分
Pinus massoniana
Provenance
Needle essential oil
Extraction rate
Chemical component
