摘要
[目的]探究青贮稻草对生长育肥猪生长性能、经济效益、粪便臭气物质及肠道微生态的影响。[方法]试验选取初始体重为(29.88±3.45)kg(L)、(48.58±6.51)kg(M)、(63.08±5.22)kg(H)3个重量级的金华猪各12头,每个重量级随机分为正对照组、负对照组、试验组3组,每组4头猪,每头猪为1个重复。正对照组饲喂全价料、负对照组饲喂97%全价料+3%干稻草粉、试验组饲喂95%全价料+5%青贮稻草粉,预饲期7 d,L、M重量级正式试验31 d,H重量级正式试验60 d。于试验结束后测定生长性能指标、粪便臭气物质含量,计算并分析经济效益,检测肠道微生态结构。[结果](1)L、M、H重量级31 d试验期内各组末重和日增重无显著差异(P>0.05);H重量级60 d试验期内各组日增重差异趋近于显著(P=0.072),试验组日增重分别比正、负对照组高4.66%、17.62%。(2)从数值上看,L重量级试验组增重成本高于正、负对照组,增重效益和增重盈利低于正、负对照组;M、H重量级试验组增重成本均低于正、负对照组,增重效益和增重盈利高于正、负对照组。(3)H重量级各组粪便中氨态氮含量差异趋于显著(P=0.087),试验组粪便氨态氮含量比正对照组低23.85%,比负对照组高10.63%。(4)从门水平看,H重量级各组的粪便中脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)丰度存在显著差异(P<0.05),试验组丰度与正对照组接近,比负对照组低0.28%;纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacterota)丰度存在显著差异趋势(P=0.097),试验组丰度与正对照组接近,比负对照组低0.59%。从属水平看,各组的乳杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)丰度存在极显著(P<0.01)差异,试验组丰度与正对照组接近,比负对照组高3.60%;乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和p-251-o5丰度存在显著差异趋势(P=0.077、P=0.061),试验组乳酸杆菌属丰度分别比正、负对照组高5.95%、9.39%,p-251-o5丰度分别比正、负对照组低2.78%、10.09%。[结论]综上所述,在中高体重的金华生长育肥猪日粮中添加5%青贮稻草不会对其生长性能产生负面影响,能降低成本提高经济效益,还能降低粪便中臭气物质的排放量,提高粪便中有益肠道菌群丰度,改善肠道微生物组成。
[Objective]To investigate the effects of ensiled rice straw on growth performance,economic benefits,fecal odor substances,and intestinal microecology of growing-finishing pigs.[Methods]Twelve Jinhua pigs were selected at each of three weight grades with initial body weights of(29.88±3.45)kg(L),(48.58±6.51)kg(M),and(63.08±5.22)kg(H),respectively.Each grade was randomly divided into three treatments:positive control group,negative control group and experimental group,with 4 pigs per treatment and 1 pig per replicate.The positive control group was fed complete feed,the negative control group was fed 97%complete feed+3%dry rice straw powder,and the experimental group was fed 95%complete feed+5%ensiled rice straw powder.The pre-feeding period lasted 7 d.The formal experiment lasted 31 d for the L and M grades,and 60 d for the H grade.At the end of the experiment,growth performance indicators and fecal odor substances contents were determined,economic benefits were calculated and analyzed,and intestinal microecological structure was detected.[Results]①During the 31-day experimental period,there were no significant differences in final body weight and average daily gain among all treatments in the L,M and H grades(P>0.05);during the 60-day experimental period in the H grade,the difference in average daily gain among treatments tended to be significant(P=0.072),and the average daily gain of the experimental group was 4.66%and 17.62%higher than that of the positive and negative control groups,respectively.②Numerically,in the L grade,the weight gain cost of the experimental group was higher than those of the positive and negative control groups,and the weight gain benefit and profit were lower than those of the positive and negative control groups.In the M and H grades,the weight gain costs of the experimental group were lower than those of the positive and negative control groups,and the weight gain benefits and profits were higher than those of the positive and negative control groups.③In the H grade,the difference in fecal ammonia nitrogen content among treatments tended to be significant(P=0.087).The ammonia nitrogen content in the experimental group was 23.85%lower than that in the positive control group and 10.63%higher than that in the negative control group.④At the phylum level,the abundance of Desulfobacterota in feces differed significantly among treatments in the H grade(P<0.05);the abundance in the experimental group was close to that in the positive control group and 0.28%lower than that in the negative control group;the abundance of Fibrobacterota tended to differ significantly(P=0.097);the abundance in the experimental group was close to that in the positive control group and 0.59%lower than that in the negative control group.At the genus level,the abundance of Limosilactobacillus differed extremely significantly among treatments(P<0.01);the abundance in the experimental group was close to that in the positive control group and 3.60%higher than that in the negative control group;the abundances of Lactobacillus and p-251-o5 tended to differ significantly(P=0.077 and P=0.061,respectively);the abundance of Lactobacillus in the experimental group was 5.95%and 9.39%higher than those in the positive and negative control groups,respectively,and the abundance of p-251-o5 was 2.78%and 10.09%lower than those in the positive and negative control groups,respectively.[Conclusion]In summary,dietary supplementation with 5%ensiled rice straw in medium-and high-weight Jinhua growing-finishing pigs exerts no negative effects on growth performance,can reduce production cost,improve economic benefits,decrease the emission of fecal odor substances,increase the abundance of beneficial intestinal microbiota in feces,and improve the composition of intestinal microorganisms.
作者
何鑫
邓维
陶旭雄
张倩慧
阳文萍
余振兴
肖利萍
黎雄
HE Xin;DENG Wei;TAO Xuxiong;ZHANG Qianhui;YANG Wenping;YU Zhenxing;XIAO Liping;LI Xiong(Pingxiang Agricultural Science Research Center,Pingxiang337099,China)
出处
《畜牧与饲料科学》
2026年第1期43-51,共9页
Animal Husbandry and Feed Science
基金
萍乡市级科技计划公开竞争项目(水稻秸秆的饲料化开发及其在生猪养殖中的应用研究,20235607)。
关键词
青贮稻草
猪
生长性能
经济效益
粪便臭气物质
肠道菌群
ensiled rice straw
pigs
growth performance
economic benefits
fecal odor substances
intestinal microbiota
