摘要
为提升高超音速武器装备壳体防护涂料的防热抗烧蚀能力,本实验系统研究了聚碳硅烷和复合阻燃剂对有机硅树脂涂层热防护性能的影响规律及作用机制。通过空气喷涂法制备了三种不同类型的涂层体系,分别开展了400℃、800℃和1200℃下的氧乙炔烧蚀实验,分析了涂层微观结构、成分演变以及烧蚀情况。研究结果表明,400℃下三种涂层均表现出优异的防热抗烧蚀性能。在高温区,聚碳硅烷通过Si-C交联与陶瓷化反应,生成致密的SiO_(2)/SiC层。相较于未添加的原始涂层,聚碳硅烷的作用明显,1200℃下涂层热失重率降低了5.14%,隔热温差提升了30℃,有效抑制了涂层的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率。在中低温区,复合阻燃剂通过吸热分解、气相阻燃等方式,相比于未添加的原始涂层,800℃下涂层热失重率降低了3.63%,隔热温差提升了33℃。在不同工作温度下,聚碳硅烷和复合阻燃剂发挥了不同的增强机制,为极端环境下有机硅树脂基轻质热防护涂层的设计与工程应用提供了理论依据和实验支撑。
To enhance the thermal protection and ablation resistance of coatings for hypersonic vehicle shells,this study systematically investigated the influence and underlying mechanism of polycarbosilane(PCS)and composite flame retardants on the thermal performance of silicone resin-based coatings.Three types of coatings were fabricated via air spraying and subjected to oxyacetylene ablation tests at 400℃,800℃,and 1200℃.The microstructural characteristics,compositional evolution,and ablation behavior of the coatings were comprehensively analyzed.The results demonstrated that all coatings exhibit excellent thermal insulation and ablation resistance at 400℃.At elevated temperatures,PCS formed a dense SiO_(2)/SiC barrier layer through Si-C crosslinking and ceramization. Compared to the unmodified coating, PCS modification reduced thethermal weight loss rate by 5.14% and increased the insulation temperature difference by 30 ℃ at 1200 ℃,indicating significantly improved thermal protection. In the medium to low temperature range, the compositeflame retardants functioned primarily through endothermic decomposition and gas-phase flame inhibition. At800 ℃, the thermal weight loss rate of the modified coating is reduced by 3.63%, and the thermal insulationperformance is enhanced by 33 ℃ compared to the baseline. The distinct reinforcement mechanisms of PCS andflame retardants across different temperature regimes offer valuable insights and experimental support for thedesign and engineering application of advanced lightweight silicone resin-based thermal protection coatings forextreme environments.
作者
刘进奥
蔺圣钧
李恺煊
陈斌
戴翠英
左劲旅
李沙
许宇胜
郭宏
毛卫国
LIU Jinao;LIN Shengjun;LI Kaixuan;CHEN Bin;DAI Cuiying;ZUO Jinlv;LI Sha;XU Yusheng;GUO Hong;MAO Weiguo(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410014,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Coating Technology for High-End Equipment,Changsha 410014,China;Hunan Boyun New Materials Corporation Limited,Changsha 410205,China;North Navigation Control Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100176,China)
出处
《材料科学与工程学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期63-74,共12页
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering
基金
国家科技重大专项(J2022-VI-0008-0039)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3702304-4)。
关键词
有机硅树脂涂层
防热抗烧蚀性能
聚碳硅烷
复合阻燃剂
氧乙炔烧蚀
Silicone resin coating
Thermal and ablation resistance properties
Polycarbosilane
Composite flame retardant
Oxyacetylene ablation
