摘要
脑机接口技术使人机交互终极形态的神经通信得以实现,在多领域具有广阔应用前景。然而,脑机接口技术伴随着侵害受体神经权利的直接风险与侵犯第三人权益的间接风险,给传统刑事规范体系带来挑战。针对直接风险,应明确值得刑法保护的神经权利范围,侵害精神利益的行为构成故意伤害罪,非法获取或提供神经信息的行为成立侵犯公民个人信息罪。针对间接风险,应肯定脑机智能人的刑事责任主体地位;刑法上的行为不再要求客观的躯体举动,其是直接引起外在世界变化的过程;脑机接口设计者只对产品设计缺陷承担刑事责任,在具有合理信赖基础或履行特定结果回避义务的场合,设计者不具有预见可能性,排除刑事责任。
Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology enables the realization of neural communication--the ultimate form of human-computer interaction--and boasts broad application prospects in multiple fields.However,BCI technology is accompanied by direct risks of infringing on the neural rights of recipients and indirect risks of violating the legitimate rights and interests of third parties,posing challenges to the traditional criminal normative system.In response to direct risks,the scope of neural rights deserving of criminal law protection should be clarified:acts that infringe on spiritual interests constitute the crime of intentional injury,while acts of illegally obtaining or providing neural information establish the crime of infringing on citizens’personal information.In response to indirect risks,the status of BCI-enhanced intelligent beings as subjects of criminal liability should be affirmed.The concept of an act in criminal law should no longer require objective bodily movements but should be understood as a process that directly causes changes in the external world.Furthermore,designers of BCI systems should only bear criminal liability for product design defects.In scenarios where there is a basis for reasonable reliance or where the specific duty to avoid consequences has been fulfilled,designers lack foreseeability,thereby excluding their criminal liability.
出处
《新疆社会科学》
2026年第1期85-96,177,共13页
Social Sciences in Xinjiang
基金
国家社科基金重大招标课题“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209)的阶段性成果。
关键词
脑机接口技术
神经权利
侵犯公民个人信息罪
刑事责任主体
Brain-Computer Interface(BCI)Technology
Neural Rights
Crime of Infringing on Citizens’Personal Information
Subject of Criminal Liability
