摘要
基因检测在疾病筛查和健康评估方面具有独特的技术优势,目前在临床医学,尤其是健康精准管理方面的作用日益显著。极端环境包括各种复杂、特殊的应激因素,涉及航天、极地、深海等诸多特殊环境。不同的环境因素可以诱导、激活个体对应的特异性基因,使基因发生调控表达的改变。通过基因检测技术,人们可以识别突变、易感基因类型和作用位点,并从分子功能层面分析了解个体和群体的适应机制。由于医学伦理、检测技术、标准规范等制约,基因检测技术尚未正式应用于极端环境及相关职业人员的选拔。本文对基因检测技术的发展现状进行阐述,对当前极端环境中不同环境因素诱导的基因特征研究进行梳理,并对基因检测技术在极端环境作业人员选拔中的优势、劣势和应用前景进行了展望。
Genetic testing holds specific technical advantages in disease screening and health assessment,it has been increasingly applied in clinical medicine,particularly in precision health management.Extreme environments involve various complex and unique stress factors,including aerospace,polar area,deep sea and so on.These factors can induce and activate specific genes to undergo regulatory expression changes.Through genetic testing,mutations,susceptible gene types and functional loci can be identified,enabling analysis of individual and population adaptation mechanisms at the molecular functional level.However,due to constraints such as medical ethics,testing technology,and standards,genetic testing has not yet been officially applied in the selection of personnel working in extreme environments and related occupations.This article elaborates on the current advancements in genetic testing technologies,reviews recent discoveries on gene expression characteristics induced by various environmental factors in extreme settings,and prospects the potential advantages,limitations and future applications of genetic testing in selecting personnel working in extreme environments.
作者
王赫然
权晶
吴元亮
王珩
王跃
WANG Heran;QUAN Jing;WU Yuanliang;WANG Heng;WANG Yue(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)
出处
《航天医学与医学工程》
2026年第1期95-104,共10页
Space Medicine & Medical Engineering
关键词
基因检测
极端环境
选拔
genetic testing
extreme environment
selection process
