摘要
睡眠障碍的发生率逐年升高,寻找安全有效的干预方式已成为重要研究方向。血清素/5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamin,5-HT)在睡眠-觉醒调控中发挥核心作用,其合成、降解及受体信号与昼夜节律密切相关。本文以“5-HT张力-受体-昼夜节律”框架为主线,综述了基于5-HT通路的功能食品在睡眠健康促进中的研究进展。现有证据表明,5-HT对睡眠的作用呈“U形窗口”:当张力偏低时易出现入睡困难与高警觉,当张力过高时则可能导致嗜睡与中枢性疲劳。而适度张力并维持5-HT1A、5-HT2A与5-HT7受体的平衡及节律同步,更有利于优化非快速眼动睡眠/快速眼动睡眠(non-rapid eye movement sleep/rapid eye movement sleep,NREM/REM)构成与睡眠连续性。在此基础上,功能食品的干预路径主要包括3方面:(1)通过补充色氨酸及其代谢产物或调控色氨酸羟化酶/单胺氧化酶(tryptophan hydroxylase/monoamine oxidase,TPH/MAO)活性支持合成;(2)通过天然成分的多靶点轻度调节实现受体偏向化作用;(3)通过益生菌、益生元及其代谢物改善肠道微生态并上调TPH1-5-HT通路。与此同时,功能食品在与光照、神经调控或运动等物理手段以及药物干预的联合中,也展现出协同改善睡眠质量的潜力。未来研究需要在临床试验设计、功能成分标准化、客观与主观终点评价及安全性监测等方面进一步加强,为基于5-HT通路的功能食品研发提供循证支持。
The incidence of sleep disorders is escalating,driving significant research into safe and effective interventions.Serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)plays a central role in sleep-wake regulation;its synthesis,degradation,and receptor signaling are intricately linked to circadian rhythms.This paper reviewed research advances in functional foods that promoted sleep health via the serotonin pathway,centering the discussion on the“5-HT tension-receptor-circadian rhythm”framework.Evidence indicated that 5-HT exerted a U-shaped window effect on sleep:Low levels mought cause difficulty initiating sleep and heightened alertness,whereas excessively high levels could result in daytime sleepiness and central nervous system fatigue.Maintaining a moderate 5-HT tension that synchronized the activity of the 5-HT1A,5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors and optimized the continuity and composition of non-rapid eye movement sleep/rapid eye movement sleep(NREM/REM).Building upon this foundation,the intervention pathways for functional foods primarily encompass 3 aspects:(1)Supporting synthesis through supplementation with tryptophan and its metabolites or by regulating tryptophan hydroxylase/monoamine oxidase(TPH/MAO)activity;(2)achieving receptor bias through multi-target,mild modulation of natural compounds;(3)improving the gut microbiota via probiotics,prebiotics and their metabolites,thereby upregulating the TPH1/5-HT pathway.Furthermore,functional foods demonstrate potential for synergistic improvements in sleep quality when combined with physical interventions(e.g.,light therapy,neuromodulation or exercise)and pharmacological treatments.Future research should strengthen areas such as clinical trial design,standardization of functional ingredients,objective and subjective endpoints evaluation,and safety monitoring to provide evidence-based support for the development of functional foods targeting the serotonin pathway.
作者
王俪洁
万佳玮
刘娇
RUBAB Arshad
艾廷阳
贺红早
WANG Li-Jie;WAN Jia-Wei;LIU Jiao;RUBAB Arshad;AI Ting-Yang;HE Hong-Zao(College of Life Sciences,South-central Minzu University,Wuhan 430070,China;Guizhou Academy of Sciences Institute of Biology,Guyang 550000,China)
出处
《食品安全质量检测学报》
2026年第4期252-263,共12页
Journal of Food Safety and Quality
基金
湖北省教育厅科学研究计划指导性项目(B2024262)。
关键词
血清素
5-羟色胺
功能食品
色氨酸
肠-脑轴
受体偏向
进食时相
serotonin
5-hydroxytryptamin
functional foods
tryptophan
gut-brain axis
receptor bias
timing of intake
