摘要
中国作为新能源汽车产销大国,出口欧洲的产品需满足法规对碳足迹、再生材料比例、回收效率的强制性要求,同时面临碳核算方法学、排放因子数据库、LCA软件“三缺失”的“卡脖子”风险。本文系统解析欧盟电池法规核心条款,基于生命周期评价法(LCA),从原材料获取、电池生产、整车(含电池)制造、车辆(含电池)使用、报废(含电池)回收五大环节,厘清法规对汽车动力电池生命周期各阶段碳排放的影响路径,对比中欧产业优势与短板。最后,从政府、行业、企业三个层面提出构建自主碳核算体系、强化政企协同、推进“制造—回收”一体化等政策建议,为中国新能源汽车产业突破贸易壁垒、提升全球低碳竞争力提供参考。
As the world's preeminent producer and market for new energy vehicles(NEVs),China is mandated to ensure that its exports to Europe adhere to the mandatory requirements outlined in the EU New Battery Regulation,encompassing carbon footprint thresholds,recycled material content mandates,and recycling efficiency standards.Concurrently,the country grapples with a critical"bottleneck"constraint stemming from three fundamental gaps:underdeveloped carbon accounting methodologies,insufficient emission factor databases,and excessive reliance on imported Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)software.This study systematically dissects the core provisions of the EU Batteries Regulation,and grounded in the LCA framework,delineates the impact pathways of the Regulation on carbon emissions across five pivotal stages—raw material acquisition,battery production,vehicle manufacturing(including battery assembly),vehicle use(including battery operation),and end-of-life recycling(including battery recycling)—while conducting a rigorous comparative analysis of the industrial strengths and inherent weaknesses between China and Europe.Ultimately,policy recommendations are put forward from the perspectives of the government,industry,and enterprises,including establishing an independent carbon accounting system,enhancing government enterprise synergy,and advancing the"manufacturing-recycling"integration paradigm.These insights aim to provide actionable guidance for China's NEV industry to surmount trade barriers and elevate its global low-carbon competitiveness.
作者
刘志鹏
张铜柱
来鑫雪
Liu Zhipeng;Zhang Tongzhu;Lai Xinxue(Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528100;China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300)
关键词
新能源汽车
动力电池
全生命周期
循环利用
碳排放
政策建议
new energy vehicle
traction battery
full life cycle
recycling
carbon emissions
policy recommendations
