摘要
【目的】明确玉米、花生和大豆轮作、间作种植模式对黄淮海潮土区土壤水分、作物产量、水分利用效率的影响。【方法】基于河南省封丘县为期4 a的不同作物轮作间作试验(冬小麦-夏玉米轮作(WM)、冬小麦-夏大豆轮作(WS)、冬小麦-夏花生轮作(WP)、冬小麦-夏玉米/大豆间作(WMS)、冬小麦-夏玉米/花生间作(WMP)共5个处理),分析各处理土壤水分变化、储水量消耗、当季作物和后茬冬小麦的产量及水分利用效率。【结果】①WP处理显著提高了夏玉米季和冬小麦季土壤水分。豆科作物轮作和间作处理土壤平均含水率提高0.7%~4.76%;后茬冬小麦季土壤含水率也有提升,WP、WMS处理土壤水分保持效果更好。②WMP处理在一定程度上降低了土壤储水量消耗和作物生育期耗水量。WS处理生育期土壤储水量消耗最高,WMP处理土壤储水量消耗最低。③间作处理在一定程度上增加了系统总产量,豆科作物轮作、间作对后茬冬小麦产量影响显著。豆科作物轮作处理的后茬冬小麦年平均产量增加6.4%~13.88%。④WP、WMS、WMP处理水分经济利用效率显著提高,WS处理显著降低;豆科作物轮作、间作处理显著提高后茬冬小麦水分利用效率。【结论】与传统冬小麦-夏玉米轮作相比,WP、WMS处理土壤体积含水率、作物产量、系统经济效益、水分利用效率和后茬冬小麦效益较高。因此,在黄淮海平原潮土区推荐冬小麦-夏花生轮作模式和冬小麦-夏玉米大豆间作模式,在确保水分利用效率的同时,增加油料作物产量,实现农业可持续发展。
【Objective】The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is a major grain-producing region of China,where intensive cropping and limited water resources are a double whammy to sustainable agricultural production.In this study,we investigate the potential of modifying the cropping systems to address these challenges.【Method】A four-year field experiment was conducted on a typical fluvo-aquic soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in Fengqiu County,Henan Province.It consisted of five cropping systems:winter wheat-summer maize rotation(WM),winter wheat-summer soybean rotation(WS),winter wheat-summer peanut rotation(WP),winter wheat-summer maize-soybean intercropping(WMS),and winter wheat-summer maize-peanut intercropping(WMP).In each system,we measured the changes in soil water content,crop water consumption,yields of summer crops and winter wheat,and water use efficiency of the cropping systems.【Result】①The WP cropping system significantly improved soil water in both the summer crops and winter wheat seasons.Rotation and intercropping with legumes increased average soil water content by 0.7%-4.76%compared to cropping systems without legumes,with WP and WMS showing the greatest increase in soil water retention in the winter wheat season.②The WMP system reduced soil water storage consumption and water use during the crop growth period.The WS system had the highest soil water storage consumption,whereas the WMP system had the lowest.③Intercropping increased total crop yields;rotation and intercropping with legumes significantly increased the yield of winter wheat in the subsequent year,compared to systems without legumes.The average annual yield of winter wheat following legume rotation increased by 6.4%-13.88%,compared to rotation without legumes.④The WP,WMS and WMP systems significantly improved water use efficiency,while the WS system significantly reduced it.Rotation and intercropping with legumes markedly enhanced water use efficiency of subsequent winter wheat.【Conclusion】Compared with the traditional winter wheat-summer maize rotation,the WP and WMS cropping systems increased soil water content,crop yields,system economic benefits,water use efficiency and subsequent winter wheat yield.They are thus more sustainable for agricultural production in the fluvo-aquic soils of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
作者
徐兴发
钟新月
杨静
朱安宁
雷涛
信秀丽
XU Xingfa;ZHONG Xinyue;YANG Jing;ZHU Anning;LEI Tao;XIN Xiuli(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development/Fengqiu Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station/Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Soil Research,Nanjing 211135,China;College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Coordinated Utilization of Watershed Water Resources,Taiyuan 030024,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
2026年第3期12-20,共9页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900203)。
关键词
轮作
间作
储水消耗
产量
小麦
水分利用效率
crop rotation
intercropping
water storage consumption
yield
wheat
water use efficiency
