摘要
普通高中招生政策既关乎个体入学机会公平,又影响区域教育生态与人才培养质量。“属地招生”旨在通过优化生源配置,缩小校际差距,使县域学生就近接受优质高中教育。然而在执行中,因教育资源配置的初始不均衡,不仅在一定程度上导致县域学生面临优质高中教育机会选择的不平等,还使县域高中面临拔尖人才培养的资源困境。同时,政策间接催生了家庭“购房择校”和“转投优质民办学校”行为,使教育公平问题从区域教育差距转化为更隐蔽的阶层排斥。究其原因,与普通高中的分级管理体制、教育属性的多重性以及资源分配标准的单一性密切相关。为此,应推动市县结合管理体制改革,提高县中教育质量;构建多元化的资源分配标准,走向教育实质公平;因地制宜优化属地招生政策,统筹兼顾个体与区域层面的公平诉求。
Senior high school enrollment policies concern both fairness in individual students’access to education and the balanced development of schools and talent cultivation within regions.The“localized enrollment”policy aims to optimize student distribution,narrow inter-school disparities,and enable county-level students to access high-quality high school education nearby.However,in practice,this policy fails to fully account for the initial inequalities in educational resource allocation,resulting in unequal opportunities for county-level students to access high-quality high schools and placing county high schools in a dilemma of resource shortages for talent cultivation.At the same time,the policy has indirectly stimulated behaviors such as“housing purchase for school admission”and“switching to elite private schools”,shifting the issue of educational equity from regional disparities to more covert forms of class-based exclusion.The root causes are closely related to the hierarchical management system of senior high schools,the multifaceted nature of educational attributes,and the singularity of resource allocation criteria.Therefore,efforts should be made to advance integrated municipal-county governance reform,improve the quality of education in county high schools;establish diversified resource allocation standards to achieve substantive educational equity;and tailor the localized enrollment policy to local conditions,thereby balancing equity demands at both individual and regional levels.
作者
高清晨
邬志辉
GAO Qingchen;WU Zhihui
出处
《中国教育学刊》
2026年第3期67-73,共7页
Journal of The Chinese Society of Education
基金
国家社会科学基金重大专项“建立同人口变化相协调的基本公共教育服务供给机制研究”(项目编号:24ZDA030)研究成果。
关键词
普通高中
属地招生
跨区域招生
教育公平
县中
senior high schools
localized enrollment
cross-regional enrollment
educational equity
county senior high schools
