摘要
水分是果树各器官的重要组成部分,直接参与光合作用、养分运输及体内代谢反应,并对树体生长、结果、温度调节及果实产量与品质形成具有关键调控作用。系统分析了果树水分需求的阶段性特征,包括需水关键期、树种耐旱性差异显著及水分过量对果树的负面影响等规律。在此基础上,提出了以水利设施建设、土壤改良与覆盖、水肥一体化等为核心的防旱栽培技术体系,并总结了包括有限供水、整形修剪、蒸腾抑制、负载调控及果实保护等在内的干旱应急补救措施,以期为果园抗旱减灾与可持续生产提供理论依据与实践指导。
Water is a vital component of all fruit tree organs.It directly participates in photosynthesis,nutrient transport,and metabolic reactions in the tree,and plays a key regulatory role in tree growth,fruiting,temperature regulation,and the formation of fruit yield and quality.The phased characteristics of fruit trees’water demand are systematically analyzed,including the key water demand period,significant differences in drought tolerance among species,and the negative impacts of excessive water on fruit trees.Based on this,a drought-prevention cultivation technology system centered on water conservancy facility construction,soil improvement and mulching,and integrated water and fertilizer management is proposed.Additionally,emergency drought relief measures are summarized,including limited water supply,pruning,transpiration inhibition,load regulation,and fruit protection,which aims to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for drought resistance,disaster mitigation,and sustainable production in orchards.
作者
刘金虎
刘国庆
刘海燕
王珍珍
曹永强
LIU Jinhu;LIU Guoqing;LIU Haiyan;WANG Zhenzhen;CAO Yongqiang(Dezhou Comprehensive Service Center of Natural Resources,Dezhou Shandong 253057,China;Dezhou Urban-Rural Planning Compilation and Research Center,Dezhou Shandong 253057,China;Leling Forestry Bureau,Leling Shandong 253100,China;Qihe County Bureau of Natural Resources,Qihe Shandong 251100,China)
出处
《果树资源学报》
2026年第2期75-78,共4页
Journal of Fruit Resources
关键词
果园
水分管理
抗旱
减灾技术
栽培措施
orchard
water management
drought resistance
disaster mitigation technology
cultivation measures
