摘要
在象与相的区分上,学术界对于究竟是“真相”还是“真象”、“假象”还是“假相”、为何“照相机”照的是“相”而“摄像机”摄的却是“像”等问题一直众说纷纭。通过跨学科的追寻,这条区分的道路逐渐清晰起来:象与相的差异,从内外之别推进到现象与本质之分,但依然疑窦丛生。借助现象学,我们发现相的基础在于象,这一发现倒转了两者公认的奠基序列;借助古汉字字典和现象学,我们分别在象与相的世代意向链条上找到了两处断点:第一个断点在大象之“象”与形象之“象”之间;第二个断点在“相”的目木相接的动作与其目标之间。最后,我们从易学—现象学出发,再次借助语言学文献,对于象与相的区分给出了一个新的解决方案。于是,那些众说纷纭的问题也得到了明确的回答,一种为柏拉图的“相论”进行奠基的“象论”构想也成为可能和必要。
In academic circles,there has long been much debate regarding the distinction between“Xiang(象)”and“Xiang(相)”—such as whether the correct term is“zhenxiang(真相)”or“zhenxiang(真象)”,“jiaxiang(假象)”or“jiaxiang(假相)”,and why a“zhaoxiangji(照相机,camera)”captures“xiang(相)”while a“shexiangji(摄像机,video camera)”records“xiang(像)”.Through an interdisciplinary exploration,the path to distinguishing the two terms has gradually become clearer:the difference between“Xiang(象)”and“Xiang(相)”has evolved from a distinction between“internal”and“external”to one between“phenomenon”and“essence”,yet doubts still abound.With the help of phenomenology,we have discovered that the foundation of“Xiang(相)”lies in“Xiang(象)”—a finding that reverses the widely accepted foundational order of the two.By drawing on ancient Chinese character dictionaries and phenomenology,we have identified two breakpoints in the intergenerational intentional chains of“Xiang(象)”and“Xiang(相)”respectively:the first breakpoint exists between the“Xiang(象)”referring to the“elephant”(a concrete animal)and the“Xiang(象)”denoting“form/appearance”;the second lies between the action of“Xiang(相)”(literally“eye[目]meeting wood[木]”,implying observation)and its objective.Finally,starting from the perspective of Yi-ology(易学)-Phenomenology and again drawing on linguistic literature,we propose a new solution to the distinction between“Xiang(象)”and“Xiang(相)”.Consequently,the long-debated questions mentioned above receive clear answers,and the conception of a“Xiang(象)theory”that lays the foundation for Plato’s“Theory of Eidos”becomes both possible and necessary.
出处
《河北学刊》
北大核心
2026年第2期32-42,共11页
Hebei Academic Journal
关键词
象
相
易学
现象学
Xiang(象)
Xiang(相)
Yi-ology(易学)
Phenomenology
