摘要
针对水下硬岩开挖工程中生态保护与施工效率难以平衡的问题,以反铲式重型挖泥船为研究对象,采用现场试验与室内试验相结合的方法,系统探究了施工过程中的环境影响特征及减噪措施效果。开展实地水下开挖试验,定量分析施工区域的水体浊度分布规律和噪声传播特性,并依托室内试验平台,验证水下气泡帷幕降噪措施的有效性。结果表明:反铲施工区域水体浊度为19.1 NTU,随距离增加至94.38 m时降低至3.56 NTU;距开挖地5.00 m,水深1.0 m处,噪声声压级为128.42 dB,低于长江鲟听觉阈值133 dB;室内试验气泡帷幕气流量20 L/min经济效益最好,声压级从127.26 dB降低至111.27 dB;声压从2.306 Pa下降至0.366 Pa,降低了84.13%。此气流量下,气泡帷幕与换能器间的距离为1.0 m时效益最好,声压级从127.26 dB降低至105.26 dB;声压从2.306 Pa下降至0.183 Pa,降低了92.06%。研究为生态敏感区硬岩水下开挖工程的环境影响评估和施工优化提供了重要依据。
To the problem of difficult balance between ecological protection and construction efficiency in underwater hard rock excavation projects,this paper takes the backhoe heavy-duty dredger as the research object.By combining field experiments and laboratory tests,it systematically investigates the environmental impact characteristics and the effectiveness of noise reduction measures during construction.Field underwater excavation experiments are carried out to quantitatively analyze the water turbidity distribution and noise propagation characteristics in the construction area.Relying on the laboratory test platform,the effectiveness of underwater bubble curtain noise reduction measures is verified.The results show that the water turbidity in the backhoe construction area is 19.1 NTU,which decreases to 3.56 NTU as the distance increases to 94.38 m.At a distance of 5.00 m from the excavation site and a water depth of 1.0 m,the noise sound pressure level is 128.42 dB,which is 133 dB lower than the auditory threshold of the Yangtze sturgeon.Laboratory tests indicate that a bubble curtain with an air flow rate of 20 L min achieved the best economic efficiency,reducing the sound pressure level from 127.26 dB to 111.27 dB and the sound pressure from 2.306 Pa to 0.366 Pa,a reduction of 84.13%.At this air flow rate,the optimal distance between the bubble curtain and the transducer is 1.0 m,reducing the sound pressure level from 127.26 dB to 105.26 dB and the sound pressure from 2.306 Pa to 0.183 Pa,a reduction of 92.06%.This study provides important basis for environmental impact assessment and construction optimization in underwater hard rock excavation projects in ecologically sensitive areas.
作者
叶德震
刘增辉
朱思思
苏守武
赵春
王军
王延杰
YE Dezhen;LIU Zenghui;ZHU Sisi;SU Shouwu;ZHAO Chun;WANG Jun;WANG Yanjie(Overhaul and Maintenance Factory of China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443000,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hohai University,Changzhou 213200,China;Engineering Research Center of Dredging Technology,Hohai University,Changzhou 213200,China;China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,China)
出处
《水运工程》
2026年第2期236-244,共9页
Port & Waterway Engineering
基金
中国长江电力股份有限公司科研项目(Z232402011)。
关键词
航道疏浚
反铲式挖泥船
硬岩开挖
浑浊度
噪声
气泡帷幕
waterway dredging
backhoe dredger
hard rock excavation
turbidity
noise
bubble curtain
