摘要
海洋塑料污染是全球性环境问题,海洋降解塑料作为治理手段之一受到广泛关注。系统梳理了国内外海洋降解塑料的检测与评价标准体系。对比分析了中国《生物降解塑料与制品降解性能及标识要求》(GB/T 41010—2021)、国际标准化组织ISO 22403:2020和美国材料与试验协会ASTM D7081-05标准中对海洋降解塑料的定义,指出其核心要求均为材料在海洋环境中可完全降解为二氧化碳等小分子。综述了主要检测标准,按模拟环境(海水、沉积物、沉积物/海水界面及实际海洋环境)和检测指标(降解程度与崩解程度)进行分类比较,并指出国内标准多等同采用ISO标准。对比分析了上述三大评价标准在检测方法、指标要求等方面的异同,强调ASTM D6691是共同的方法依据。介绍了国内外认证标识体系,包括中国GB/T 41010—2021标识、TUV奥地利和德国DINCERTCO的认证标识。总结指出海洋降解塑料发展受限于海洋环境低温低微生物活性,材料选择有限,且中国尚缺专门评价标准和检测能力,未来须进一步完善体系以推动其应用。
Marine plastic pollution is a global environmental problem,and marine degradable plastics have received extensive attention as one of the treatment methods.The testing and evaluation standard systems for marine degradable plastics at home and abroad are systematically reviewed.The definitions for marine degradable plastics in China's Degradability and Identification Requirement of Biodegradable Plastics and Products(GB/T 41010-2021),International Organization for Standardization's ISO 22403:2020 and American Society for Testing Materials'ASTM D7081-05 standards are compared and analyzed,pointing out the core requirement is that the material can be completely degraded into small molecules such as carbon dioxide in marine environment.The main testing standards are reviewed,classified comparison is conducted according to the simulated environment(seawater,sediment,sediment/seawater interface and actual marine environment)and testing indexes(degradation degree and disintegration degree),pointing out that the domestic standards are mostly equivalent to the ISO standards.The similarities and differences of the above three evaluation standards in terms of testing methods and index requirements are compared and analyzed,emphasizing that ASTM D6691 is the common methodological basis.The certification marking systems at home and abroad are introduced,including GB/T 41010-2021 marking in China,TUV in Austria and DINCERTCO in Germany.It is concluded that the development of marine degradable plastics is limited by the low temperature and low microbial activity in marine environment,the selection of materials is limited,and China still lacks special evaluation standards and testing capabilities.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the system to promote their application.
作者
朱佳欢
石鎏杰
孙梦捷
ZHU Jiahuan;SHI Liujie;SUN Mengjie(Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research,Shanghai 201114,China)
出处
《上海包装》
2026年第1期27-29,49,共4页
Shanghai Packaging
基金
上海市科学技术委员会研发公共服务平台建设项目“上海市日用消费品质量安全检测专业技术服务平台”(14DZ2293000)
上海市市场监督管理局科技计划项目(2024BZ09)。
关键词
海洋降解塑料
检测标准
评价标准
认证标识
生物降解
marine degradable plastic
testing standard
evaluation standard
certification mark
biological degradation
