摘要
在数字经济发展进程中,用户生成且由平台控制的聚合性公共数据资源由于权属制度缺失,持续引发数据滥用危机、增益分配失衡等系统性风险。聚合性公共数据资源具有三重本体特性和双层价值增益结构,共同构成国家赋权的内在必然性。三重本体特性包括技术依赖性导致平台事实垄断、价值添附性否定原始数据自然孳息理论与客体超越性颠覆传统物权框架;双层价值增益结构包括外力发展增益的社会共创本质与自力发展增益的技术增值。在规范层面,通过宪法秩序延展确立人民主权向数据领域延伸、资源公有制容纳数据要素的制度逻辑以及公共利益最大化原则的矫正机制;在效能层面,证成国家赋权具有不可替代的三维优势,即经济发展上激活规模经济并引导战略投资、社会福祉上制衡平台权力失衡并推动数据红利公平分配、国家安全上解构数据霸权并输出全球治理新范式。制度构建可采取四维协同路径,即创设人民主权主体、战略监管主体与运营执行主体的层级化架构;建立动态客体边界划定机制,融合排除标准、纳入逻辑与风险阈值联动;设计战略管控权、普惠开放权、收益分配权三位一体的权能谱系,配套穿透式责任追究体系;协同基础立法整合、行业规则精细化、监管工具创新及区块链与人工智能驱动的技术治理刚性保障。
In the development of the digital economy,the systemic crises of data misuse and imbalanced gain distribution stem fundamentally from the absence of ownership institutions governing usergenerated,platform-controlled aggregated public data resources.These resources possess three intrinsic ontological characteristics-technical dependency(leading to de facto platform monopolies),value additivity(refuting the natural-fructus theory of raw data),and object transcendence(disrupting traditional property frameworks)-alongside a dual-tier value structure that distinguishes socially co-created exogenous gains from technology-driven endogenous gains.Together,they constitute the inherent necessity for stateconferred rights.Normatively,this is grounded in extending constitutional order:the principle of popular sovereignty extends into the data domain,data elements are incorporated within the logic of public resource ownership,and the maximization of public interest serves as a corrective mechanism against platform excess.In terms of efficacy,the conferral of rights by the state is justified by three indispensable,dimensional advantages:economically,it activates scale effects and channels strategic investment;socially,it counterbalances platform power asymmetry and promotes the equitable distribution of data dividends;and in the domain of national security,it serves to deconstruct data hegemony while contributing a new paradigm for global governance.Institutionally,a four-dimensional synergistic path is proposed:establishing a hierarchical architecture of popular sovereignty entities,strategic regulators,and operational executors;creating a dynamic boundary mechanism for data objects that integrates exclusion criteria,inclusion logic,and risk-threshold linkages;designing a trinitarian rights framework encompassing strategic control,inclusive openness,and benefit allocation,supported by a penetrative accountability system;and ensuring synergistic enforcement through integrated foundational legislation,refined sectoral rules,innovative regulatory tools,and technologically rigid governance driven by blockchain and AI.
作者
蔡艺生
Cai Yisheng(Southwest University ofPolitical Scienceand Law,Chongqing 401120,China)
出处
《学术论坛》
北大核心
2025年第6期32-44,共13页
Academic Forum
基金
重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学重点项目“数字技术驱动下国家安全风险演化机理与防控体系创新研究”(25SKGH005)。
关键词
公共数据资源
国家赋权
数据治理
数据增益
数据安全
public data resources
state-conferred rights
data governance
data-derived gains
data security
