摘要
随着《中国妇女发展纲要(2021—2030年)》和《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030年)》的深入实施,我国妇幼卫生事业取得显著进展,但基层妇幼保健机构(包括县区级妇幼保健院、乡镇卫生院及社区卫生服务中心)仍面临人才数量短缺、结构失衡、培养机制不健全等突出问题,制约了服务质量的提升。本文结合基层妇幼保健机构的功能定位与人才需求特点,提出“分层分类”人才培养机制,从培养目标、培养内容、培养方式及保障体系四个维度构建实践框架。该框架针对初级人员、骨干技术人员和学科带头人进行“分层”培养,并围绕临床保健、公共卫生和管理三大岗位群进行“分类”施策,该机制兼具机构内部实施的针对性与区域卫健委层面统筹的协同性,旨在破解人才发展瓶颈,系统性提升基层妇幼卫生服务能力,为实现妇女儿童健康发展目标提供坚实的人才支撑。多地实践案例实证说明:明确不同层级、不同类别的培养目标与内容,结合多样化的培养方式,辅以完善的保障体系,可全面提升基层妇幼人才的专业能力与服务水平,推动基层妇幼卫生服务能力与妇女儿童健康需求相适配,可为更广泛地区基层妇幼保健机构的人才培养机制构建提供参考。
With the progressive implementation of the China Women’s Development Outline(2021-2030)and the China Children’s Development Outline(2021-2030),maternal and child healthcare(MCH)services in China have achieved substantial advancement.Nevertheless,grassroots MCH institutions—including county-and town-level MCH hospitals,township health centers,and community health service centers—continue to encounter prominent challenges,such as insufficient workforce supply,structural imbalances,and inadequately developed training mechanisms,which constrain the improvement of service quality.This paper proposes a“stratified and classified”training mechanism based on the functional positioning and staffing needs of grassroots MCH institutions.A practical framework encompasses four dimensions:training objectives,training content,training methods,and support systems.Within this framework,personnels are hierarchically trained as entry-level staff,core technical personnel,and disciplinary leaders,while categorical training strategies are tailored based on three major job categories:clinical care,public health,and management.This mechanism integrates targeted,institutions-level implementation with coordinated planning at the regional health administration level,with the aim of addressing key bottlenecks in key talent development and systematically enhancing the service capacity of grassroots MCH.By strengthening human resource foundations,it supports for achieving the goals of women and children’s health development.Empirical evidence from multiple regional cases demonstrates that clearly defining training objectives and content for different levels and categories,together with diversified training methods and a well-established support system,can comprehensively enhance the professional competence and service capacity of grassroots MCH personnels.Such improvements promote closer alignment between grassroots MCH service capacity and the evolving health needs of women and children,thereby providing a practical reference for developing talent training mechanisms in primary-level maternal and child health institutions across broader regions.
作者
甘甜
蒋铁汉
郑什光
GAN Tian;JIANG Tiehan;ZHENG Shiguang(Huiyang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Huizhou 516200,Guangdong Province,China;Huizhou Sixth People’s Hospital,Huizhou 516200,Guangdong Province,China)
出处
《现代医院》
2026年第2期181-185,共5页
Modern Hospitals
基金
广东省卫生经济学会科研项目(2023-WJHX-03)。
关键词
基层妇幼保健机构
人才培养
分层分类
服务能力
Primary maternal and child health institutions
Talent training
Stratified and Classified
Service capacity
