摘要
目的分析中国妇幼保健卫生资源配置的公平性,比较七大区域间的差异,为各地区妇幼保健卫生资源的合理配置提供参考。方法基于集聚度分析2018年我国妇幼保健机构、床位、卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师及注册护士的地理公平性和人口可及性。结果从地理面积角度看,我国人口密集地区和人口均值地区的妇幼保健机构、床位及卫生人员的集聚度总体大于1,人口稀疏地区的各类卫生资源集聚度小于1,地理公平性欠佳。从人口角度看,人口密集地区如上海、北京、天津等地妇幼保健的机构和床位不足,而北京、山东、河南、浙江的卫生人力资源基本能够满足当地人口的需求;人口均值地区的机构和床位相对过剩,卫生人力资源的人口可及性较好;人口稀疏地区的妇幼保健机构分布过剩,床位和卫生人力资源短缺。结论人口密集地区应通过提高卫生资源的利用效率、关注输入性人口的妇幼保健服务及鼓励社会办医等措施提高居民妇幼保健服务的可及性;部分人口均值地区应合理规划、调整、整合妇幼保健卫生资源;人口稀疏地区应加大卫生资源投入力度,积极吸引妇幼保健人才;七大地区应关注"人向性"和"地向性"因素对妇幼保健卫生资源配置公平性的不同影响,弥补地区间的差异。
Objective To analyze the fairness of allocation of maternal and child health care resources in China,compare the differences between the seven regions,and provide a reference for rational allocation of maternal and child health care resources in various regions.Methods Based on concentration degree,the geographic fairness and population accessibility of maternal and child health care institutions,beds,health technicians,licensed(assistant)physicians,and registered nurses in 2018 in China were analyzed.Results From the perspective of geographic area,the concentration degrees of maternal and child health care institutions,beds,and health personnel in densely populated and average population areas in China were generally greater than 1,the concentration degrees of various health resources in sparsely populated areas were less than 1,and the geographical fairness was insufficient good.From a population perspective,institutions and beds in densely populated areas such as Shanghai,Beijing,and Tianjin were inadequate,while the health workforce in Beijing,Shandong,He’nan,and Zhejiang basically met the needs of local population;institutions and beds in areas with average populations were relatively surplus,the population of health manpower was more accessible;there was a surplus of institutions in sparsely populated areas,and there was a shortage of beds and health manpower.Conclusion The densely populated areas should improve the accessibility of residents’maternal and child health care services by improving the efficiency of the use of health resources,paying attention to maternal and child health care services of the imported population,and encouraging the society to run medical treatment,health care and health resources;sparsely populated areas should increase investment in health resources and actively attract women and children specialties;the seven major areas should pay attention to different impacts of"human orientation"and"ground orientation"factors on the fairness of allocation of maternal and child health care resources to make up differences between regions.
作者
阎园
杨茜茜
张翔
YAN Yuan;YANG Xi-Xi;ZHANG Xiang(Shenzhen Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518000,China)
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
CAS
2022年第5期913-918,共6页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
基金
国家自然科学基金(71373091)。
关键词
妇幼保健
卫生资源配置
公平性
集聚度
Maternal and child health care
Allocation of health resource
Equity
Concentration degree
