摘要
量子信息科学作为21世纪最具颠覆性的前沿技术之一,正以前所未有的速度从实验室研究转向行业应用。目前,中国和美国是量子领域的两大核心力量。两国在这一领域的竞争被部分观察人士称为新冷战时代的“量子竞赛”。为了遏制中国的发展,美国采取“生态控制”战略,利用出口管制、投资禁令和人才流动限制等多种手段,联合盟友对中国构建“战略禁区”。针对美国的围追堵截,中国采取“差异化突破”战略,凭借举国体制优势,培育内循环的产业生态,加大核心软硬件的自主可控力度,并将自身的市场和资源优势转化为“杠杆”,对美国的痛点进行精准“反噬”。
Quantum information science,one of the most disruptive frontier technologies of the twenty-first century,is undergoing a rapid shift from laboratory research to industrial application.China and the United States have emerged as the primary actors in this field,yet their approaches diverge sharply.The competition between the two nations in this field has been referred to by some observers as a“quantum race”in the new Cold War era.The United States seeks to constrain China’s progress through an“ecosystem control”strategy,employing export controls,investment bans and restrictions on talent flows in coordination with its allies.In response,China has employed a strategy of“differentiated breakthrough”,leveraging institutional advantages to foster a self-reliant industrial ecosystem,strengthening autonomy in core hardware and software,and employing market and resource endowments.
作者
鲁欣
LU Xin(Mechanical Industry Information Research Institute,Beijing 100037,China)
出处
《对外经贸实务》
2026年第1期5-14,共10页
Practice in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
关键词
量子信息科学
科技战略
中美竞争
出口管制
quantum information science
technology strategy
China-US competition
export controls
