摘要
目的:了解南京市江宁区水痘在不同免疫策略时期的流行病学特征变化,为水痘疫苗接种和疫情防控提供科学依据。方法:2016—2024年江宁区水痘病例数据通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集,运用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果:2016—2018年、2019—2022年和2023—2024年报告发病率分别为215.96/10万、168.98/10万和75.59/10万,报告发病率呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2562.81,P<0.01);发病呈季节性“双峰”分布,从2020年开始,高峰下降明显;7个街道水痘报告发病率均明显下降(P<0.01);男性报告发病率高于女性,随着免疫策略加强,发病年龄中位数分别后移了3岁和7岁,5~9岁,10~14岁,15~19岁,20~24岁和30~34岁组报告发病率呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。结论:水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划后水痘报告发病率明显下降,2剂次免费水痘疫苗接种成效显著,应确保儿童水痘疫苗接种率。
OBJECTIVE To explore the alterations in epidemiological characteristics during different immunization strategies in Jiangning District,thereby providing a scientific foundation for varicella vaccine vaccination and epidemic prevention and control.METHODS Data on varicella cases from 2016 to 2024 in Jiangning District were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiology.RESULTS The reported incidence rates during 2016—2018,2019—2022,2023—2024 were 215.96/100,000,168.98/100,000,and 75.59/100,000 respectively.The reported incidence rates exhibited a decline,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=2,562.81,P<0.01).There was a seasonal“bimodal”distribution,and the peak decreased notably since 2020.The reported incidence rates of varicella decreased significantly in seven streets(P<0.01).The reported incidence rate was significantly higher in males than in females.With the enhancement of immunization strategies,the median age of onset shifted by 3 and 7 years respectively,and the reported incidence rates decreased significantly in the age groups of 5 to 9 years old,10 to 14 years old,15 to 19 years old,20 to 24 years old,and 30 to 34 years old(P<0.01).CONCLUSION After the inclusion of the varicella vaccine in the immunization plan,the reported incidence rate of varicella decreased significantly.The free two dose inoculation of the varicella vaccine achieved remarkable outcomes,and the vaccination rate of children should be ensured.
作者
陶涛
王益君
冯智
戴建军
金鑫
Tao Tao;Wang Yijun;Feng Zhi;Dai Jianjun;Jin Xin(Nanjing Jiangning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu,211100,China)
出处
《中国初级卫生保健》
2026年第1期67-70,共4页
Chinese Primary Health Care
基金
中国肝炎防治基金会-中国乙肝防控科研基金资助课题(YGFK20240077)。
关键词
水痘
水痘疫苗
发病率
免疫策略
varicella
varicella vaccine
incidence rate
immunization strategy
