摘要
为揭示黄精属植物种质资源差异,本研究系统比较了5种黄精属植物的果实形态特征与种子萌发特性。结果表明,滇黄精和大叶黄精的果实和种子显著大于其他物种,果实直径可达20 mm左右,种子横径超过5 mm。发芽特性研究发现,黄精发芽率最高(98.89%),但其与多花黄精的种子当年均不能出苗;滇黄精和大叶黄精出苗率达50%左右,且当年即可成苗。值得注意的是,卷叶黄精具有长达2.22 cm的子叶联结结构,而大叶黄精的初生根茎呈非球形,其种子发芽周期最短(32 d)且出苗过程中种子保持硬实不脱落;此外,大叶黄精还表现出单果种子数多(11.60粒/果)、春秋两季均可出苗等优势。研究表明,不同黄精属植物在果实形态、种子萌发及出苗特性上存在显著差异,为黄精属植物种子繁育及种质资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。
To elucidate the differences in germplasm resources among Polygonatum species,this study systematically compared the fruit morphological characteristics and seed germination traits of five Polygonatum species.The results demonstrated that P.kingianum and P.kingianum var.grandifolium possessed significantly larger fruits and seeds than other species,with fruit diameters reaching approximately 20 mm and seed transverse diameters surpassing 5 mm.Germination studies revealed that P.sibiricum achieved the highest germination rate(98.89%),though neither it nor P.cyrtonema could produce seedlings in the first year.In contrast,P.kingianum and P.kingianum var.grandifolium exhibited a seedling emergence rate of approximately 50%and could complete seedling establishment within the same year.Notably,P.cirrhifolium developed an exceptionally long cotyledon junction structure(2.22 cm),while P.kingianum var.grandifolium displayed a non-spherical primary rhizome,the shortest germination cycle(32 d),and maintained seed hardness without shedding during seedling emergence.Particularly,P.kingianum var.grandifolium showed additional advantages,including high seed number per fruit(11.60 seeds/fruit)and biannual(spring and autumn)seedling emergence.The research indicates significant interspecific variations in fruit morphology,seed germination,and seedling emergence characteristics among Polygonatum species,providing both common principles and interspecific distinctions for seed propagation,while offering scientific foundations for seed propagation and exploitation of germplasm resources.
作者
黄文娟
杨马进
曾华兰
叶昌华
李臻
王辉
HUANG Wenjuan;YANG Majin;ZENG Hualan;YE Changhua;LI Zhen;WANG Hui(Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Characteristic Plants,Chengdu 611730,China;Industrial Crops Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610300,China)
出处
《特产研究》
2026年第1期13-18,共6页
Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research
基金
四川省自然科学基金项目(2025ZNSFSC1813)
国家现代农业产业技术体系四川道地中药材创新团队专项资金项目(SCCXTD-2024-19)
四川省省级公益性科研单位基本科研业务费专项资金项目(24JBKY06,25JBKY08)
资中县经济信息化和科学技术局(25ZZKJ08)。
关键词
黄精属
果实
种子
萌发
出苗
Polygonatum
fruit
seed
germination
seedling emergence
