摘要
[目的]为解决木荷无性系种子园开花量多、结实率低的问题,开展木荷种子园无性系花期同步性研究,对种子园的无性系优化配置和种实丰产具有重要参考价值。[方法]于2023年初选择10个开花量较大、结实较多的代表性木荷无性系开展基础研究;为提高样本的多样性与代表性,于2024年增补53个无性系,使总样本量达到63个,并对所有参试无性系的开花物候及花期同步性进行调查与分析。[结果]1)木荷无性系的总花期为9~19 d,各无性系的开花物候存在差异。2)按照始花期的早晚可将木荷无性系分成三类(早花型、中花型、晚花型),不同类型的无性系花期存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。早花型无性系始花期平均在5月3日,总花期持续14.63 d;中花型无性系始花期平均在5月14日,总花期持续14.02 d;晚花型无性系始花期平均在5月21日,总花期持续13.00 d。3)木荷种子园内花期同步指数大于0.6的无性系组合约占36.90%,有29.44%的无性系组合同步指数小于0.1。年度内,2023年和2024年无性系间花期同步指数的变异系数分别为61.05%~240.72%和37.87%~164.52%。年度间,花期同步指数有一定差异,但整体较为稳定。相同类型无性系之间的组合的花期同步指数平均值高于不同类型无性系之间的组合,中花型无性系的花期同步指数平均值高于早花型和晚花型。[结论]当前种子园内木荷无性系的花期同步性较低,应重视木荷无性系间的开花物候和花期同步性的差异。选择中花型无性系及相同类型无性系的组合,筛选出种源不同、花期同步指数较高的适配无性系相邻配置,并引入人工授粉等措施促进授粉,以期提高木荷种子园的种实产量和质量。
【Objective】To solve the issues of abundant flowering but low seed-setting rates,which has severely impacted the production of improved seeds and the supply of seedlings from the orchard.research on the synchronization of flowering periods(SFP)among clones in the S.superba seed orchard was conducted to provide reference value for optimizing the clone configuration and achieving abundant seed and fruit production in the orchard.【Method】In 2023,a preliminary study was conducted on 10 representative S.superba clones with high flowering intensity and abundant fruiting.To enhance sample diversity and representativeness,53 additional clones were included in 2024,resulting in a total of 63 clones.The flowering phenology and flowering synchronization of all tested clones were surveyed and analyzed.【Result】1)The total flowering duration(TFD)for the clones of S.superba ranges from 9 to 19days,with variations in flowering phenology among different clones;2)The results of cluster analysis and ANOVA(Analysis of variance)indicated that based on the timing of the first flowering period(FFP),the clones can be divided into three categories.There are extremely significant differences(P<0.01)in flowering periods among different clones:The FFP of the early-flowering clone was on May 3rd,with a TFD of 14.63 days.The FFP of the mid-flowering clone was on May 14th,lasting for a TFD of 14.02 days.The FFP of the lateflowering clone was on May 21st,with a TFD of 13.00 days.3)Within the seed orchard,approximately 36.9%of the clone combinations have a flowering synchronization index(C)greater than 0.6,while 29.44%of the clone combinations have a C value less than 0.1.Within the annual period,the coefficients of variation for the C value among clones ranged from 61.05%to 240.72%in 2023 and from 37.87%to 164.52%in 2024,respectively.Between years,there are some differences in the C value,but it remains relatively stable overall.The average C value is higher for combinations of clones of the same type compared to combinations of different types,and the average C value for mid-flowering clones is higher than that for early-and late-flowering clones.【Conclusion】Currently,C value of flowering among clones within the seed orchard is relatively low.Therefore,attention should be given to the differences in flowering phenology and flowering synchronization among S.superba clones.Select mid-flowering clones and combinations of similar clones,screen out compatible clones with different provenances and a high C value to plant adjacently,and introduce measures such as artificial pollination to facilitate pollination,thereby enhancing the seed and fruit production and quality in the seed orchard.
作者
钟子政
宁华珙
叶敬欣
张方友
何茜
刘天颐
ZHONG Zizheng;NING Huagong;YE Jingxin;ZHANG Fangyou;HE Xi;LIU Tianyi(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;Yingde Institute of Forestry Science,Qingyuan 513055,Guangdong,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期81-91,共11页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
广东省林业局自然资源事务管理专项资金—生态林业建设(省级组织实施)项目(GDLZXY20220102,GDLZXY20230102)
广东省林业局2021年省级生态公益林效益补偿资金省统筹经费项目。
关键词
木荷
种子园
无性系配置
开花物候
花期同步性
Schima superba
seed orchard
clonal arrangement
flowering phenology
synchronization of flowering
