摘要
【目的】探究异花授粉对青皮红心柚坐果率、果实生长发育及品质的影响,为解决青皮红心柚坐果率低、果实参差不齐和品质差异大等问题提供理论与技术支持。【方法】以10年生青皮红心柚为母本,以东试早柚、红宝石柚和越南红柚为父本,综合分析和评价不同花粉对青皮红心柚坐果率、果实生长发育及品质的影响。【结果】异花授粉的坐果率均显著高于自花授粉;异花授粉导致单果质量下降,果实呈现趋中的变异趋势,果实大小较均匀,果形近球形,较端正;果实横径和纵径的生长曲线均呈“S”形;在内在品质方面,异花授粉果实的可溶性固形物含量比自花授粉高1%~2%;其中,红宝石柚授粉的果肉红色更深,可食率、维生素C含量增加,越南红柚授粉果皮厚度最薄,果实变小;异花授粉后果实种子变多。果实外在品质指标与部分内在品质指标呈显著负相关,不同品种花粉直感效应存在差异。综合评价结果表明,红宝石柚授粉处理的果实综合品质最优。【结论】异花授粉通过花粉直感效应能一定程度上提高青皮红心柚的坐果率,并改善果实部分品质指标。其中,红宝石柚授粉效果相对最好,在生产上可合理配置授粉树,以提高坐果率及果实品质。
【Objective】Poor fruit set rate,unstable yield,and variable quality are the significant challenges in cultivating the green peel and red flesh pomelo[Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.].This study examined the effects of pollen source on fruit set,growth,and quality,with regard to xenia(pollen direct effect on fruit and seed traits)and metaxenia(its influence on maternal tissue development)The aim was to identify optimal pollinizer varieties to enhance yield and fruit quality.【Methods】Mature 10-year-old red-flesh,green-peel pomelo trees served as seed parents.Artificial cross-pollination was performed using pollen from three pomelo varieties:Hongbaoshi,Dongshizao,and Vietnam Red Pummelo.Fruit set rate,fruit growth,and quality parameters(single fruit mass,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,peel thickness,total soluble solids(TSS),titratable acid(TA),vitamin C(Vc)content,seed number,edible rate,flesh segment number,and flesh color)were measured.Self-pollination served as the control.Data analysis included correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the impact of pollinizers on the fruit set rate,growth and development,and quality of the green peel red flesh pomelo.【Results】Cross-pollination significantly increased fruit set rate compared with self-pollination.Metaxenia effects were evident,resulting in a more uniform,nearly spherical fruit shape(fruit shape index closer to 1).Cross-pollinated fruits exhibited significantly higher levels of gibberellin(GA3)and cytokinin(CTK)compared to self-pollinated fruits.Auxin(IAA)significantly increased in fruits pollinated with Hongbaoshi Pomelo and Vietnamese Red Pomelo.TSS was 1%-2%higher than self-pollination,with Hongbaoshi achieving the highest(10.97%).Flesh redness,potentially linked to higher sugar accumulation,was enhanced.Vc content was also increased(40-50 mg·100 g^(-1) vs 30-40 mg·100 g^(-1) in self-pollinated fruit).Peel thickness was reduced but seed number increased(95-112 vs average 71 in natural pollination).Hybrid seeds were cuneiform,flattened,with fin-like ribbed surfaces.While fruits from pollination with Vietnamese red pomelo had the thinnest peel and smaller fruit size.Correlation analysis revealed that fruit weight had a highly significant positive correlation with both fruit length and width(P<0.01);fruit length exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with both fruit width and shape index(P<0.01).Flesh recovery had a highly significant negative correlation with peel thickness(P<0.01)and a significant positive correlation with seed number(P<0.05).TSS exhibited a significant positive correlation while titratable acid content demonstrated a highly significant negative correlation with the solids-to-acid ratio(P<0.05).Metaxenia and xenia effects varied significantly among pollinizer varieties.Based on comprehensive evaluation,the Hongbaoshi Pomelo as pollen source yielded the best fruit quality.【Conclusion】Cross-pollination significantly improved fruit set rate and enhanced multiple fruit quality attributes in red-flesh,green-peel pomelo,displaying pronounced Xenia and metaxenia effects.Hongbaoshi pomelo was identified as the most effective pollinizer variety.Rational selection of pollinizer varieties in production is recommended to boost fruit set,yield stability,and fruit quality.This study provided practical guidance for improving the cultivation of red-flesh,green-peel pomelo.
作者
毕光林
胡玲
陈林杨
杨永智
李春
李永慧
丰国蕊
李万云
赵东兴
BI Guanglin;HU Ling;CHEN Linyang;YANG Yongzhi;LI Chun;LI Yonghui;FENG Guorui;LI Wanyun;ZHAO Dongxing(Yunnan Honghe Tropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Hekou 661399,Yunnan,China;College of Horticulture&Forestry Sciences of Huazhong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期346-355,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
技术创新人才培养对象项目赵东兴(202405AD350031)
云南省红河热带农业科学研究所青年人才成长基金(HHS2024003)
云南省院士(专家)工作站项目“云南省伊华林专家工作站”(202305AF150145)。
关键词
青皮红心柚
花粉直感
异花授粉
坐果率
果实品质
综合评价
Pomelo with red flesh and green peel
Xenia
Cross-pollination
Fruit setting rate
Fruit quality
Comprehensive assessment
