摘要
脑机接口技术作为新一代信息技术的前沿成果,展现出强劲的发展势头,为人类社会进步带来了新可能。脑机接口技术的基本工作流程主要包括脑信号采集、脑信号处理与解码及控制接口三部分,从技术路径上可以将其分为侵入式和非侵入式,两者相比各有优劣。完整的知情同意规则包括告知、理解、同意、自愿四个基本要素,其作为人的自主性和尊严的基本伦理原则,在脑机接口技术的复杂性和高风险性面前面临着前所未有的挑战。脑机接口技术对知情同意规则的挑战包括告知阶段的复杂性、信息理解障碍和自主决策困境,对此,可通过构建基于风险分级的知情同意规则适用体系、强化技术保障与监管、推进多元主体协同治理等路径以应对这些挑战。
As a cutting-edge achievement in the new generation of information technology,brain-computer interface(BCI)technology demonstrates strong development momentum,offering new possibilities for the progress of human society.The basic workflow of BCI technology primarily includes three components:brain signal acquisition,brain signal processing and decoding,and control interface.From a technical perspective,it can be categorized into invasive and non-invasive approaches,each with its own advantages and disadvantages.The complete informed consent framework comprises four fundamental elements:disclosure,comprehension,consent,and voluntariness.As a fundamental ethical principle safeguarding human autonomy and dignity,the informed consent rule faces unprecedented challenges in the face of BCI technology’s complexity and high risks.The challenges posed by BCI technology to the informed consent rule include the complexity of the disclosure phase,information comprehension barriers,and dilemmas in autonomous decision-making.To address these challenges,measures such as establishing a risk-tiered informed consent framework,strengthening technical safeguards and regulatory frameworks,and promoting multi-stakeholder collaborative governance can be implemented.
作者
陈炜焘
Chen Weitao(School of Law,Xinjiang University,Wulumuqi 830000,China)
出处
《锦州医科大学学报(社会科学版)》
2026年第1期44-49,共6页
Journal of Jinzhou Medical University(Social Science Edition)
关键词
脑机接口技术
知情同意规则
风险监管
治理框架
brain-computer interface
informed consent
risk regulation
governance framework
