摘要
立足安德森“去商品化”理论框架,紧扣发达国家养老金体系从负债型转向资产型的时代演进趋势,构建起一套资产型养老金去商品化评估框架,进而深入探究发达国家资产型养老金体系分层化趋势下的趋同与趋异表征。研究发现:近年发达国家资产型养老金体系去商品化总体平稳,调整以渐进式优化为主,未发生颠覆性制度变革;但总体去商品化程度相近的国家,不同维度表现存在显著差异;聚类结果显示发达国家资产型养老金体系分层化特征显著,并与传统“三分法”在去商品化程度上呈现趋同与趋异并存特征;融合传统福利体系逻辑与资产型养老金体系转型特质,将发达国家划分为其所谓的“新社会民主主义”“新保守主义”“新自由主义”三种模式,转型特征分别对应去商品化主导型、去商品化平衡型、去商品化温和型。“去商品化”分析框架下的研究结论显示,养老金发展模式的选择与一国的核心价值取向、社会治理理念深度绑定,不存在放之四海而皆准的最优范式。结合发达国家资产型养老金体系发展经验,中国应构建本土适配的多支柱资产积累框架;深化国家精准调控,优化资产型体系制度环境;夯实制度运行基础,强化资产积累的公平性与可持续性。
Based on Esping-Anderson’s“decommodification”theory framework and closely following the evolution trend of the pension systems in developed countries from a liability-based system to an asset-based system,a set of assessment framework for decommodification of asset-based pension systems has been constructed.Subsequently,an in-depth exploration has been conducted on the convergence and divergence characteristics under the stratification trend of developed countries’asset-based pension systems.The research findings show that in recent years,the decommodification of developed countries’asset-based pension systems has been generally stable,with adjustments mainly carried out through gradual optimization,and no disruptive institutional changes have occurred;however,among countries with similar overall decommodification levels,there are significant differences in performance in different dimensions;cluster results indicate that the stratification characteristics of developed countries’asset-based pension systems are significant,and they present a coexistence of convergence and divergence features with the traditional“three-part model”in terms of decommodification levels;integrating the logic of traditional welfare systems and the transformation characteristics of asset-based pension systems,developed countries are classified into three models:“new social democracy”,“new conservatism”,and“new liberalism”,with transformation characteristics corresponding to dominant decommodification,balanced decommodification,and mild decommodification types.The research conclusion under the“decommodification”analysis framework shows that the choice of pension development model is deeply bound to a country’s core value orientation and social governance concepts,and there is no universally optimal model.Combining the development experience of developed countries’asset-based pension systems,China should build a locally adapted multi-pillar asset accumulation framework;deepen precise national regulation,optimize the institutional environment of the asset-based system;strengthen the foundation of the system operation,and enhance the fairness and sustainability of asset accumulation.
作者
郑秉文
李辰
ZHENG Bing-wen;LI Chen(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Tsinghua University)
出处
《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第1期25-40,共16页
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“2035年我国多层次多支柱养老保险体系发展目标与现实路径研究”(23ZDA100)
中国社会科学院“长城学者计划”资助(2025CCXZ012)。
关键词
去商品化
指标体系
资产型养老金
国际比较
聚类分析
decommodification
indicator system
asset-based pension
international comparison
cluster analysis
