摘要
目的本文对钟乳石进行本草及功效考证,为钟乳石的现代应用提供文献依据,并结合现代研究挖掘其当代应用价值。方法基于历代古籍,从药名沿革、药材基原、性味归经、功效主治4方面对钟乳石进行考证,并结合现代药理与临床研究进行阐释与应用挖掘。结果钟乳石历史上别名逾二十种,宋以后以“石钟乳”统一药材认识,至清代方定名为“钟乳石”;其基原早期有“同源三药”之分,即石钟乳、殷孽、孔公孽,一体而性效有别,历代医家皆强调不可混用,但宋以后混用渐成常态。历代品质以色白质润、中空轻薄如鹅管者为最佳,今日钟乳石粗细厚薄兼有,或当包含二孽;药性方面,钟乳石原属甘温无毒,宋以后出现“火毒”,至明清,出现辛热大温、经火得毒之论,可能与功能定位、药材混用以及火煅炮制有关;归经始见于明代,主归阳明,兼入肺肾,体现其上温肺、下补肾的功能结构;功效主治则经历由汉代“通利下行”向“通补兼备”转化,明清以后确立其“温补三焦”的核心定位。现代功效以温阳补虚为主,常用于阳虚寒痰咳喘、产后缺乳以及消化道溃疡等病证。结论钟乳石以“温补三焦、补中兼通”为核心药用特点,与阳虚寒痰咳喘、产后乳闭及消化道溃疡等慢性虚损性疾病的临床用药需求相契合,具有进一步挖掘和规范应用的价值。
OBJECTIVE To examine the materia medica records and therapeutic use of stalactite(Zhongru shi),provide textual evidence for its modern clinical use,and,in combination with contemporary studies,explore its current clinical value.METHODS Drawing on classical texts from successive dynasties,Stalactite(Zhongru shi)was investigated from four perspectives-nomenclature,medicinal origin,flavor and channel tropism,and therapeutic indications.And these findings were interpreted in light of modern pharmacological and clinical research to identify potential applications.RESULTS Historical records reveal over twenty different names for the substance,with“Shi zhongru”gaining prominence from the Song dynasty onward,and“Zhongru shi”becoming standardized since Qing dynasty.Early sources distinguished stalactite from two other geologically similar materials-Yinnie and Konggongnie-which were believed to differ in medicinal effects and were not to be used interchangeably.Despite these early distinctions,later texts increasingly conflated the three.The most prized specimens were described as white,translucent,hollow,and as light as goose quills.In contemporary markets,variations in thickness and texture suggest the continued presence of yinnie and konggongnie under the general label of stalactite.Initially classified as sweet,warm,and non-toxic,stalactite came to be associated with“fire toxicity”from the Song period onward.By the Ming and Qing dynasties,it was frequently described as pungent and strongly warming-an evolution likely shaped by its expanded functional applications,mixed sourcing,and calcined preparation.Channel attribution first appeared in Ming texts,linking stalactite primarily to the Yangming channel,with secondary associations to the lung and kidney,reflecting its dual action in warming the upper body and tonifying the lower.Its therapeutic profile gradually shifted from a focus on circulation and unblocking toward a broader tonic role,culminating in Ming-Qing formulations that emphasized its capacity to“warm and nourish the three burners”.In modern clinical contexts,stalactite remains in use for treating yang deficiency syndromes,particularly those involving cold-type cough with phlegm,postpartum hypogalactia,and gastrointestinal ulcers.CONCLUSION Stalactite(Zhongru shi),characterized by warming and nourishing the three burners and reinforcing combined with unblocking,corresponds well to the therapeutic needs of chronic deficiency disorders such as yang-deficient cough and asthma with cold phlegm,postpartum hypogalactia,and peptic ulcer disease,and needs further exploration and standardized clinical application.
作者
金珏
JIN Jue(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)
出处
《中国药学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第24期2663-2672,共10页
Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目-汉唐石药研究资助(23YJCZH093)
上海市白玉兰人才计划浦江项目资助(25PJC082)
上海朱南孙中医药基金会青年创新项目资助(2023-2)
上海中医药大学科技发展项目资助(23KFW10)。
关键词
钟乳石
本草考证
性味归经
功效主治
现代主治
stalactite
textual research
evolution of flavor-nature and meridian tropism
therapeutic use
modern application
