摘要
在近代中国经济社会转型过程中,传统行会未能给民族资本主义的发展提供有效市场环境,也无法抵御组织严密的西方资本主义的经济侵略。清末新政背景下,近代商会应运而生并逐渐发展,不仅削弱了传统行会的垄断,促进了市场竞争和信息交流,也有效凝聚起工商力量,为维护民间企业权益提供了有力支撑。本文基于1858—1927年府级面板数据,采用多时点双重差分方法,分析商会对商办企业的影响。研究发现,商会的成立显著促进了商办企业发展。机制分析表明,商会对商办企业的影响在不同政治、经济和地理条件下存在差异性,在潜在经济机会更多、西方资本主义势力较大或政治地位更重要的地方,其激励作用更强。这可能是由于商会的建立使潜在经济机会得以实现,并增强了民族资本主义在面对官府和西方时的话语权,从而推动了商办企业发展。商会对商办企业的促进作用在短期内尤为显著,虽然随着时间的推移会有所减弱,但在长期内依旧存在正向影响。
During the economic and social transformation of modern China,traditional guilds failed to provide an effective market environment for the development of national capitalism and were unable to resist the economically aggressive and well-organized Western capitalist powers.Against the backdrop of the late Qing New Policies,modern chambers of commerce emerged and gradually developed.These organizations not only weakened the monopoly of traditional guilds,promoted market competition and information exchange,but also effectively united industrial and commercial forces,providing strong support for the protection of private enterprise interests.Using prefecture-level panel data from 1858 to 1927,this paper employs a multi-period difference-in-differences(DID)approach to quantitatively analyze the impact of chambers of commerce on private enterprises.The findings indicate that the establishment of chambers of commerce significantly promoted the development of private enterprises.Mechanism analysis reveals that the effect of chambers of commerce varies under different political,economic,and geographical conditions,with a stronger impact observed in regions with greater potential economic opportunities,stronger Western capitalist presence,or higher political importance.This may be attributed to the role of chambers of commerce in realizing latent economic opportunities and enhancing the voice of national capitalists in interactions with both the government and Western powers,thereby advancing the development of private enterprises.Further analysis shows that the positive effect of chambers of commerce on private enterprises is particularly evident in the short term.Although the impact tends to weaken over time,it remains positive in the long run.
作者
孙圣民
马喜草
李灏桢
Sun Shengmin;Ma Xicao;Li Haozhen
出处
《中国经济史研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期52-80,共29页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“政府主导经济发展的历史起源、演变和得失:基于国家能力的视角”(批准号:72173124)
国家社会科学基金重大专项“统筹新型工业化、新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴的理论框架与实现路径研究”(批准号:24ZDA046)阶段性成果之一。
关键词
传统行会
商会
商办企业
组织变迁
经济绩效
Traditional Guilds
Chamber Organizations
Private Enterprises
Organizational Change
Economic Performance
