摘要
为评估不同生产模式下蜘蛛多样性对水稻害虫的控制作用及其对水稻产量的影响,以水稻为研究对象,测定天敌蜘蛛的丰富度、多度、Shannon多样性、Simpson优势度和害虫稻飞虱的多度等生物指标,生态位宽度和生态位重叠等生物群落指数、同时测量水稻产量等关键参数,并采用一般线性回归模型,探究常规(常规浓度和用量的化肥和农药)、绿色(低浓度和用量的化肥和农药)和有机(未施用化肥和农药)3种不同生产模式下,蜘蛛多样性的差异、蜘蛛物种对稻飞虱的控制作用及其对水稻产量的影响。结果表明:1)有机稻田中的蜘蛛丰富度(P=0.001)、多度(P=0.008)、Shannon多样性指数(P=0.011)和Simpson指数(P=0.007)均显著高于常规和绿色稻田;有机稻田中的稻飞虱多度仅显著高于常规稻田(P=0.023)。2)绿色和常规稻田中,稻飞虱的种群动态变化规律相近,分蘖早期至扬花期的虫口密度较低,灌浆期至黄熟期明显提高;而有机稻田自拔节期虫口密度显著增加。3)有机和常规稻田中,水稻各发育时期的蜘蛛数量普遍高于稻飞虱的数量,但在绿色稻田中的灌浆期后,稻飞虱的数量则超过了蜘蛛。4)常规、绿色和有机稻田中对稻飞虱控制作用较强的蜘蛛物种分别为八斑丽蛛、花蟹蛛sp.1和四点高亮腹蛛。5)水稻产量与蜘蛛多度(P=0.049)、丰富度(P<0.001)和多样性指数(P=0.019)均呈负相关,且绿色稻田产量显著高于有机稻田(P=0.009)。因此,农药与化肥的合理施用是提高天敌多样性的关键,农业生产模式的优化对实现水稻的可持续生产具有重要意义。
To assess the control effect of spider diversity on rice pests under different management practices and its impact on rice yield under different agricultural production systems,this study measured key biological indicators,the richness,abundance,Shannon diversity,and Simpson dominance of predatory spiders,as well as the abundance of rice planthoppers,niche width and niche overlap indices,and rice yield.Using generalized linear models,three production systems,conventional(standard chemical inputs),green(reduced chemical inputs),and organic(no synthetic inputs),were comparaed to evaluate their differences in spider diversity,biocontrol effects on planthoppers,and impacts on rice yields.The results showed that:1)The richness(P=0.001),abundance(P=0.008),Shannon diversity index(P=0.011),and Simpson’s index(P=0.007)of spiders in organic rice fields were significantly higher than those in conventional and green rice fields.However,the abundance of rice planthoppers in organic rice fields was only significantly higher than that in conventional rice fields(P=0.023).2)In green and conventional rice fields,the population dynamics of rice planthoppers were similar,with low insect density from the early tillering stage to the flowering stage,and a significant increase during the milking stage to the ripening stage.In contrast,the insect density in organic rice fields significantly increased from the jointing stage.3)In organic and conventional rice fields,the number of spiders was generally higher than that of rice planthoppers during various developmental stages of rice,while the number of rice planthoppers exceeded that of spiders after the milking stage in green rice fields.4)The spider species with a strong control effect on rice planthoppers in conventional,green,and organic rice fields were respectively Chrysso octomaculata,Xysticus sp.1,and Hypsosinga pygmaea.5)The yield of green rice fields was significantly higher than that of organic rice fields(P=0.009),and the rice yield was negatively correlated with spider abundance(P=0.049),richness(P<0.001),and diversity index(P=0.019).Therefore,the rational application of pesticides and fertilizers is crucial for enhancing the diversity of natural enemies,and optimizing agricultural production systems is of great significance for achieving sustainable rice production.
作者
王美娜
满吉勇
李季
赵永浩
刘云慧
WANG Meina;MAN Jiyong;LI Ji;ZHAO Yonghao;LIU Yunhui(School of Agriculture and Rural Development,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,China;General Office of the CPC Qingdao Chengyang District Committee,Qingdao 266109,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期25-37,共13页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400800)
国家社会科学基金项目(22BJY144)
教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目(25C10484101)。
关键词
生产模式
有机生产
害虫控制
蜘蛛多样性
水稻发育期
production system
organic production
pest control
spider diversity
rice developmental stage
