摘要
人口规模的快速扩张产生了农产品供应的较大缺口,推动了农业生产方式的高度集约化。但是,农业集约化生产方式往往伴随着化学农药的大量使用,对生态环境造成了明显破坏,尤其是导致生物多样性锐减。生物多样性的减少削弱了自然天敌对作物害虫的防控作用,农田生态系统稳定性降低,对粮食安全产生了明显威胁。利用生物平衡原理对害虫进行生态调控,是提高农业生物多样性,维持农田生态系统可持续发展的有效策略。研究证实,非作物生境的植物组成及生物特性对维系天敌昆虫多样性具有重要作用,且对天敌昆虫迁移扩散到作物生境发挥害虫控制功能产生积极影响。因此,研究功能植物涵养天敌的机制,针对作物害虫筛选特定功能植物及组合,利用功能植物优化非作物生境的植被状况以涵养天敌多样性从而生态调控害虫发生具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本文系统概括了害虫治理历程、非作物生境管理和功能植物的概念、原理、技术及应用进展,展望了本领域理论研究与应用实践的发展方向,旨在为利用功能植物优化非作物生境以实现作物害虫的生态防控提供参考。
The human population expansion has created a large gap in the supply of agricultural products,which has not only led to the conversion of more and more natural lands into agricultural lands,but has also promoted a high degree of intensification of the agricultural production.However,the intensive agricultural production mode often accompanies the extensive use of chemical pesticides,which has caused serious damage to ecological environments,particularly led to a sharp decline in biodiversity.In turn the role of natural enemies is seriously weakened in preventing and controlling crop pests.This leads to a decrease in the stability of the structure and function of agro-ecological systems,posing an obvious threat to food security.The application of ecological regulation methods through the principle of biological balance to control pests is an effective strategy to improve agricultural biodiversity and maintain green and healthy development of agricultural ecosystems.Growing evidences have confirmed that the plant composition and the biological characteristics of non-crop habitats play an important role in maintaining the diversity of natural enemies and have a positive impact on the migration and the diffusion of natural enemies to crop habitats to fulfill their pest control functions.Therefore,it is of great scientific significance and application value to study the mechanism of natural enemy conservation by using functional plants,to screen specific functional plant species and their combinations for control of crop pests,and to optimize the vegetation of non-crop habitats with functional plants to conserve natural enemy diversity for ecological regulation on pest occurrence.In this review paper,the concepts,principles,technologies and application progress of pest management,non-crop habitat management and functional plants were systematically summarized,and then the development direction of theoretical research and application practice in this research field was prospected.We aimed to provide references for the optimization of non-crop habitats by using functional plants to achieve ecological prevention and control of crop pests.
作者
何北辰
闫雪影
刘雨欣
向子仪
王慧
刘红梅
张海芳
杨殿林
赵建宁
张艳军
武淑文
HE Beichen;YAN Xueying;LIU Yuxin;XIANG Ziyi;WANG Hui;LIU Hongmei;ZHANG Haifang;YANG Dianlin;ZHAO Jianning;ZHANG Yanjun;WU Shuwen(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150006,China;College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《中国生物防治学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期501-510,共10页
Chinese Journal of Biological Control
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1401200)
国家自然科学基金(32271651)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(农业农村部环境保护科研监测所)。
关键词
生物多样性
有害生物
自然天敌
绿色防控
biodiversity
harmful organisms
natural enemies
green prevention and control
