摘要
为明确不同施肥处理对青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)人工林生长的影响,为精准施肥与高效培育提供科学依据,本研究以青海省五年生青海云杉人工幼林为对象,设置3种肥料(尿素、有机肥、微生物菌剂肥)及对照(未施肥)处理:尿素设50、100、150 g·株^(-1),有机肥设200、300、400 g·株^(-1),微生物菌剂肥设70、120、170 g·株^(-1);2024年6月采用土壤注射法施肥,2025年5月测定树高、地径、冠幅及生物量增长率,分析各处理效应。结果表明:(1)微生物菌剂肥:70 g·株^(-1)处理的树高增长率最高(29.7%±5.8%),显著高于对照(25.3%±4.0%)及同肥料其他用量(P<0.05),170 g·株^(-1)高用量处理效果下降;(2)有机肥:400 g·株^(-1)处理的地径(15.4%±9.8%)和生物量(35.8%±22.4%)增长率均为各处理最高,且二者与施肥量呈正相关(P<0.05);(3)尿素:100 g·株^(-1)处理对树高(28.0%±3.0%)和生物量(26.0%±5.6%)有显著促进作用,150 g·株^(-1)高用量则抑制生长(树高增长率24.1%±2.7%,P<0.05);(4)对照:冠幅增长率最高(35.1%±6.0%),显著高于所有施肥处理(P<0.05),推测与光竞争驱动的碳分配策略相关。结论:青海云杉人工林施肥需结合经营目标选择方案—优先促进树高生长宜选用70 g·株^(-1)微生物菌剂肥,优先提升地径与生物量宜选用400 g·株^(-1)有机肥,尿素施用则以100 g·株^(-1)为宜,该结果可为青海云杉人工林可持续经营提供技术支撑。
To clarify the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth of Picea crassifolia plantations and to provide a scientific basis for precision fertilization and efficient cultivation,this study focused on five-year-old Picea crassifolia plantation saplings in Qinghai Province.Three types of fertilizers(urea,organic fertilizer,and microbial agent fertilizer)and a control(no fertilization)were applied:urea at doses of 50 g,100 g,and 150 g per plant;organic fertilizer at 200 g,300 g,and 400 g per plant;and microbial agent fertilizer at 70 g,120 g,and 170 g per plant.Fertilization was conducted using the soil injection method in June 2024.In May 2025,tree height,ground diameter,crown width,and biomass growth rate were measured,and the effects of each treatment were analyzed.The results showed that(1)Microbial agent fertilizer:The 70 g·plant^(-1) treatment achieved the highest tree height growth rate(29.7%±5.8%),which was significantly higher than the control group(25.3%±4.0%)and other dosage levels of the same fertilizer(P<0.05).The growth-promoting effect decreased under the high dosage treatment of 170 g·plant^(-1);(2)Organic fertilizer:The 400 g·plant^(-1) treatment resulted in the highest growth rates for both ground diameter(15.4%±9.8%)and biomass(35.8%±22.4%).Both parameters showed a positive correlation with the fertilization rate(P<0.05);(3)Urea:The 100 g·plant^(-1) treatment significantly promoted tree height(28.0%±3.0%)and biomass(26.0%±5.6%)growth,while the higher dosage of 150 g·plant^(-1) inhibited growth(tree height growth rate:24.1%±2.7%,P<0.05);(4)Control group:The highest crown width growth rate(35.1%±6.0%)was observed,which was significantly greater than all fertilization treatments(P<0.05).This is estimated to be related to a carbon allocation strategy driven by light competition.It is concluded that fertilization strategies for Qinghai spruce plantations should be selected based on management objectives:To prioritize height growth,apply microbial agent fertilizer at 70 g·plant^(-1);To enhance ground diameter and biomass,use organic fertilizer at 400 g·plant^(-1).Urea application is recommended at 100 g·plant^(-1).These findings provide technical support for the sustainable management of Qinghai spruce plantations.
作者
雅努义
苏琴
廖启明
杨舒涵
贺瑞瑞
吴佳欣
彭梓烨
卢子煜
张东祥
姜睿丽
杨悦
朱静怡
YA Nu-yi;SU Qin;LIAO Qi-ming;YANG Shu-han;HE Rui-rui;WU Jia-xin;PENG Zi-ye;LU Zi-yu;ZHANG Dong-xiang;JIANG Rui-li;YANG Yue;ZHU Jing-yi(Qinghai Provincial Forestry Technology Extension Station,Xining,Qinghai 810023;Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Qinghai Provincial Forest Seed and Seedling Station,Xining,Qinghai 810023)
出处
《陕西林业科技》
2026年第1期1-6,48,共7页
Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology
基金
青海省财政林业改革发展资金林草新技术推广项目(QSCZ-2024-008)
青海省2022年度“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”拔尖人才项目(QHIKLYC-GDCXCY-2022-322)
西北农林科技大学大学生创新训练计划(XN2026006106)。
关键词
有机肥
地径
生物量
相关性
青海云杉
Organic fertilizer
ground diameter
biomass
correlation
Picea crassifolia
