摘要
【目的】研究腐植酸尿素施用对玉米秸秆分解过程中微生物群落的演替的影响,明确参与秸秆分解的关键微生物类群,为华北平原秸秆资源高效利用提供养分管理措施。【方法】基于2016年开始的河南省现代农业研究开发基地的新型肥料田间定位试验,于2022年10月份选取普通尿素处理和腐植酸尿素处理[施氮(N)量均为200 kg/hm^(2)]进行为期200天的大田秸秆包填埋试验。于秸秆填埋后不同时期采集秸秆样品,测定秸秆残体碳氮及有机组分、秸秆分解胞外酶活性及细菌、真菌多样性。【结果】与尿素处理相比,腐植酸尿素处理玉米秸秆分解率及氮素释放率显著提高了6.98%和32.29%,碳素释放率提高了6.56%;秸秆纤维素、半纤维素和木质素分解率分别提高12.27%、9.35%和14.27%;β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素二糖水解酶、亮氨酸氨肽基酶和漆酶活性也在一定时期显著提升。秸秆分解优势细菌包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),优势秸秆分解真菌包括子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、毛霉门(Mucoromycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。腐植酸尿素处理显著富集了壤霉菌属(Agromyces)、小土居菌属(Microterricola)和拟节杆菌属(Paenarthrobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)、根瘤菌属(Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium)和中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)等秸秆分解关键细菌类群,以及放射毛霉属(Actinomucor)、汉纳酵母菌属(Hannaella)、短梗蠕孢属(Trichocladium)、曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)等秸秆分解关键真菌类群。秸秆氮含量、木质素/氮和β-葡糖苷酶是影响秸秆分解微生物群落结构的重要因素。【结论】相较普通尿素,长期施用腐植酸尿素能更有效地富集特定秸秆分解细菌和真菌类群,包括拟节杆菌属和根瘤菌属等固氮菌,提高秸秆碳氮转化酶活性,提升秸秆的腐解率和碳氮释放率,因此,施用腐植酸尿素是华北平原秸秆促腐及养分资源高效利用的有效措施。
【Objectives】This study explored the effect of humic acid urea(HAU)application on the decomposition process of maize straw and identified the key differential microbial groups involved in the decomposition of straw,aiming to provide nutrient management method for the efficient utilization of straw resources in North China Plain.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in Modern Agricultural Research and Development Base of Henan Province,where a long-term experiment of new fertilizers was conducted since 2016.In October 2022 after winter wheat sowing,maize straw bags were buried into the urea and humic acid urea treatment plots,respectively,and straw bags were collected at different burying days during the wheat season(200 days in total)to determine the residual straw weight,the organic carbon and nitrogen content,enzyme activity,bacterial and fungal diversity.【Results】Compared with the urea treatment,HAU accelerated the decomposition process of maize straw,increased the decomposition rates,nitrogen and carbon release rate of straw by 6.98%,32.29%,and 6.56%,respectively.It also enhanced the release rate of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin by 12.27%,9.35%and 14.27%,respectively.The activities ofβ-glucosidase,cellobiose hydrolase,leucine aminopeptidase and laccase were also improved.The dominant bacteria involved in straw decomposition were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes.And the dominant fungi were Ascomycota,Mucoromycota and Basidiomycota.HAU application enriched bacterial groups included Agromyces,Microterricola,Paenarthrobacter,Pseudomonas,Chryseobacterium,Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium,and Mesorhizobium,etc.And the enriched fungal groups included Actinomucor,Hannaella,Trichocladium,Aspergillus,etc.Straw N content,lignin/N ratio andβ-glucosidase activity were the most important factors affecting the community structure of straw bacteria and fungi.【Conclusions】The long-term application of humic acid urea proves to be more advantageous than the use of common urea in fostering more diverse bacteria and fungi species associated with straw decomposition across various stages.This includes the proliferation of distinct nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Paenarthrobacter,Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium,and so on,as well as enhancing the activities of enzymes responsible for carbon and nitrogen transformation.Consequently,this accelerates the decomposition process of maize straw.Therefore,the application of humic acid urea emerges as an effective strategy for achieving efficient utilization of straw nutrient resources in the North China Plain.
作者
郭腾飞
岳克
宋晓
丁世杰
罗鹏
徐新朋
黄绍敏
张倩
岳艳军
GUO Teng-fei;YUE Ke;SONG Xiao;DING Shi-jie;LUO Peng;XU Xin-peng;HUANG Shao-min;ZHANG Qian;YUE Yan-jun(Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Agriculture Resources and Regional Planning,CAAS/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Xinlianxin Chemicals Group Co.,LTD,Xinxiang 453700,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期1970-1982,共13页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2024YQ04)
国家自然科学基金项目(32202603)
农田智慧施肥项目(20221805)。
关键词
腐植酸尿素
秸秆分解率
秸秆碳氮转化酶
秸秆分解微生物
差异微生物
humic acid urea
straw decomposition rate
straw C/N-transformation enzymes
microbes involved in straw decomposition
differential taxa
