摘要
西方正念起源于南传佛教,经世俗化改造后在心理咨询与治疗中得到广泛应用,但其个体化与工具化倾向常被批评忽视佛教传统的伦理与解脱目标。相比之下,东方正念以汉传佛教核心教义为根基,并融汇儒道思想,为心理干预提供了独特的理论与文化资源。基于“戒定慧”三学的实践框架在情绪调节与心理健康促进方面展现出积极效应。文化神经科学研究揭示了慈悲、专注、情绪调节与智慧洞察的多条通路,以及神经-内分泌-免疫系统的整合效应。整体而言,东方正念既体现了对正念本义的回归与深化,也为中国化心理治疗体系的建构提供了重要支点。未来需通过高质量实证验证与干预方案的标准化设计,以推动其在临床与社会应用中的科学化和规范化发展,并进一步彰显东方正念作为“治疗-神经-文化连续谱”的独特价值。
Western mindfulness,derived from Theravāda Buddhism,has been widely applied in psychotherapy after secular adaptation.Yet its individualistic and instrumental tendencies have been criticized for neglecting the ethical and liberative goals of the Buddhist tradition.In contrast,Eastern mindfulness is rooted in Chinese Buddhism while integrating Confucian and Daoist wisdom,offering distinctive cultural resources for psychological interventions.Guided by the Three Trainings—morality(śīla),concentration(samādhi),and wisdom(prajñā)—it demonstrates positive effects on emotion regulation and mental health.From a cultural neuroscience perspective,Eastern mindfulness engages neural pathways of compassion,attention,emotional regulation,and insight,along with integrative regulation through neuroendocrine−immune systems.This holistic framework highlights its dual role as clinical intervention and cultural wisdom.Current challenges include insufficient empirical validation,lack of standardized protocols,and limited cross-cultural research.Future studies should establish rigorous evidence and culturally sensitive measures to advance Eastern mindfulness as a scientifically grounded and indigenized form of Chinese psychotherapy,while underscoring its unique value as a“therapy−neural−culture continuum”.
作者
务凯
WU Kai(School of Psychology,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
北大核心
2026年第2期331-347,共17页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
河南省教师教育课程改革专项研究课题(2025-JSJYZX-005)资助。
关键词
正念
汉传佛教
中国化心理治疗
神经机制
文化神经科学
mindfulness
Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism
localized Chinese psychotherapy
neural mechanisms
cultural neuroscience
