摘要
于云南省元谋县小跨山流域开展大田试验,经田间实地观测,选取土壤质地为黏土、粉砂壤土和壤土的样地作为试验地,以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)为供试材料,探究土壤质地对紫花苜蓿生产性能和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:(1)紫花苜蓿在3种土壤质地样地种植均能完成生育期,种植第一年生育期为159~166 d;(2)壤土因耕性较好,通气性和保肥保水能力适中,有利于紫花苜蓿地上部分的生长,其草产量显著高于粉砂壤土和黏土(p<0.05),分别比粉砂壤土和黏土种植的紫花苜蓿高17255.943和13213.766 kg/hm^(2);(3)在3种土壤质地样地上种植的紫花苜蓿,植株粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维及粗灰分含量差异不显著;(4)与种植前相比,种植紫花苜蓿后,黏土和壤土的有机质和有机碳含量分别增加了136.607%和139.673%,但二者全磷含量有所下降,粉砂质地土壤的全磷含量增加了10.101%。综合分析表明,壤土上种植的紫花苜蓿在草产量、品质提升及土壤改良上表现较好。因此,种植紫花苜蓿应优先选择壤质土壤。
A field experiment was conducted in the Xiaokuashan Watershed,Yuanmou County,Yunnan Province.Through field observations,three plots with different soil textures on the production performance of Medicago sativa L.and soil fertility were studied.The results showed that:(1)M.sativa could complete its growth period in all three soil textures,with a growth period of 159-166 days in the first year of planting;(2)Due to its favorable tillage properties,moderate aeration,and balanced water and nutrient retention capacity,loam soil was conducive to the aboveground growth of M.sativa.Its forage yield was significantly higher than that of M.sativa planted in silt loam and clay(p<0.05),being 17255.943 and 13213.766 kg·hm^(‒2)higher than those in silt loam and clay soils,respectively.(3)There were no significant differences in the contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,and crude ash of M.sativa plants grown in the three soil textures.(4)Compared with preplanting soil,the contents of organic matter and organic carbon in clay and loam soils increased by 136.607%and 139.673%,respectively,while the total phosphorus(TP)content in both soils decreased;the TP content in silt loam soil increased by 10.101%.Comprehensive analysis indicated that M.sativa grown in loam soils exhibited superior performance in terms of forage yield,stable nutritional quality,and effective soil improvement effects.Therefore,loam solids should be preferred for M.sativa planting.
作者
龙会英
张德
LONG Huiying;ZHANG De(Tropical Eco-agriculture Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China;Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China)
出处
《热带农业科学》
2025年第12期33-37,共5页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture
基金
2024年兴楚人才支持计划项目(No.楚财行[2024]109号)
2024年乡村振兴发展科技专项“云南省科技特派员项目”。
关键词
土壤质地
紫花苜蓿
生长量
草产量
土壤肥力
soil texture
Medicago sativa L.
growth capacity
forage yield
soil fertility
