摘要
探究春小麦种质资源籽粒性状的遗传多样性,筛选出籽粒性状优异的春小麦种质,旨在为春小麦高产育种提供材料。以195份春小麦种质为材料,在4个不同环境条件下(西宁、贵德、香日德和元谋),对千粒质量、面积、周长、粒长、粒宽、长宽比、粒厚和圆度8个关键籽粒性状进行遗传多样性及综合评价。结果显示,参试性状表现因不同环境而异,其中千粒质量遗传变异最丰富,籽粒周长和粒长表现出最强的环境稳定性,贵德试点相较于西宁、香日德、元谋3个试点遗传丰富度高;表型正态性检验显示所有性状均符合正态分布,其中千粒质量与籽粒面积、周长、粒长、粒宽和粒厚均呈极显著正相关;方差分析表明8个籽粒性状均受到基因型、环境及其互作效应的显著影响;基于表型数据的聚类分析将195份材料划分为3个类群:第Ⅰ类群(n=44)具有最大千粒质量,最大籽粒面积、粒宽和粒厚,综合性状最优,第Ⅱ类群(n=79)材料除籽粒圆度和粒厚外,其余性状表现均不佳,第Ⅲ类群(n=72)各性状表现中等;最后通过主成分分析和AMMI模型,筛选出7份综合性状优异的种质资源,为春小麦种质资源的合理利用及高产新品种选育提供重要参考。
The genetic diversity of grain traits in spring wheat germplasm resources was investigated and superior genotypes were identified,aiming to provide elite parental materials for high yield breeding.In this study,195 spring wheat germplasm accessions were comprehensively evaluated for eight key grain traits-thousand grain mass(TGW),area,perimeter,length,width,length to width ratio,thickness,and roundness-across four different environments(Xining,Guide,Xiangride,and Yuanmou).The results showed that the performance of these traits varied depending on the environment.Among them,TGW exhibited the greatest genetic variation,while grain perimeter and length demonstrated the strongest environmental stability.The Guide site displayed higher genetic richness compared to the other three locations.Phenotypic normality tests indicated that all traits followed a normal distribution,with TGW showing extremely significant(P<0.001)positive correlations with grain area,perimeter,length,width,and thickness.The variance analysis revealed that all eight grain traits were significantly influenced by genotype,environment,and their interaction effects.Based on phenotypic clustering,the 195 germplasms were divided into three groups:GroupⅠ(n=44)exhibited the highest TGW,largest grain area,width,and thickness,representing the best overall performance;GroupⅡ(n=79)performed poorly in all traits except roundness and thickness;and GroupⅢ(n=72)showed intermediate performance.By combining principal component analysis(PCA)and the AMMI model,seven elite germplasms with superior comprehensive traits were ultimately selected.These findings provide an important theoretical basis and valuable breeding materials for the genetic improvement of spring wheat germplasm resources.
作者
刁玉虹
尚俊秀
杨彩凤
李德卿
姚晓华
丁宝军
李新
崔永梅
刘国栋
苏胜春
姚有华
DIAO Yuhong;SHANG Junxiu;YANG Caifeng;LI Deqing;YAO Xiaohua;DING Baojun;LI Xin;CUI Yongmei;LIU Guodong;SU Shengchun;YAO Youhua(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Agricultural Seed Station,Xining 810016,China;College of Ecological Environment Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
2026年第2期199-210,共12页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
青海省种业创新攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目“小麦种质创新利用及品种选育”。
关键词
春小麦
种质资源
籽粒性状
遗传多样性
综合评价
Spring wheat
Germplasm resources
Grain traits
Genetic diversity
Comprehensive evaluation
