摘要
随着新能源发电渗透率的不断提升,电网面临源荷时空错配加剧、灵活性资源不足等挑战,共享储能作为平抑波动、提升消纳能力的关键手段,已成为重要解决方案。然而,传统共享储能模式依赖运营商独立投资建设,储能运营商面临初始投资成本高、利用率低等问题。随着电动汽车行业的发展与普及,配备储能资源的电动汽车充换电站的规模也持续扩大。为此,本工作提出一种基于混合博弈架构的共享储能协同优化策略,共享储能运营商可通过自建储能以及整合充换电站中的闲置储能资源,构建“自建+合作”双模式储能系统。上层模型中,共享储能运营商与充换电站通过合作博弈形成资源联盟,提出改进Shapley值分配机制,综合考虑计及运营商决策的容量贡献度、负荷-储能匹配度及成本分担因子,并引入熵权法动态调整权重系数,实现联盟收益的公平分配;下层,构建主从博弈模型,以储能运营商为领导者制定分时服务定价策略,引导光伏社区优化用电行为。仿真结果表明:相较于传统储能运营商自建储能模式,所提运营商“自建+合作”双模式储能系统的投资成本降低27.53%,用户用储成本降低17.62%,且改进Shapley值分配后基尼系数由0.32降低至0.21,显著提升合作公平性。
As the penetration of renewable energy generation increases,power grids face complex challenges,including significant spatio-temporal mismatches between supply and demand and a critical shortage of flexible regulation resources.Shared energy storage has emerged as a key strategy for mitigating fluctuations and enhancing renewable energy utilization.However,traditional shared energy storage models depend on independent investments and construction by operators,resulting in high initial capital costs and low resource utilization rates.The rapid development and widespread adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)have led to an increasing number of EV charging and battery swapping stations equipped with energy storage resources.To address these challenges,we propose a collaborative optimization strategy based on a hybrid game-theoretic framework for shared energy storage.This approach integrates self-built energy storage systems and aggregates idle storage resources from EV charging and swapping stations to establish a"self-built+cooperative"dual-source energy storage system.At the upper level,we create a cooperative game model between the shared energy storage operator and the charging/swapping stations,introducing an improved Shapley value allocation mechanism.This mechanism comprehensively considers capacity contribution,load-storage matching,and cost-sharing,with dynamically adjusted entropy weight coefficients to ensure fair revenue distribution.At the lower level,we develop a Stackelberg game model,where the energy storage operator(as the leader)formulates time-of-use service pricing strategies to guide prosumers in optimizing electricity utilization.Simulation results show that,compared to traditional self-built energy storage models,the proposed dual-source energy storage system reduces investment costs by 27.53%and lowers prosumer energy costs by 17.62%.In addition,the Gini coefficient for fairness improves from 0.32 to 0.21 under the modified Shapley value allocation,indicating a significant enhancement in equity in cooperative revenue distribution.
作者
成章
于艾清
王育飞
薛花
李兴壮
CHENG Zhang;YU Aiqing;WANG Yufei;XUE Hua;LI Xingzhuang(School of Electric Power Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
北大核心
2026年第1期177-187,共11页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
上海市自然科学基金(23ZR1425000)
上海市科技创新行动计划项目(22010501400)。
关键词
共享储能
充换电站
合作博弈
主从博弈
改进Shapley值
shared energy storage
battery swapping station
cooperative game
stackelberg game
improved Shapley value
