摘要
针对国家森林公园康养旅游中规划效能不足、功能分区模糊及生态文化资源转化低效等问题,以北京西山国家森林公园为例,集成AHP-DEMATEL-GIS模型构建包含4个维度层、16项指标层的评价体系,结合Python采集的11 400条游客评论数据,运用SnowNLP模块对21个景点的情感极性进行量化,对北京西山国家森林公园的生态适宜性进行评价,据此提出康养旅游发展建议与规划布局。研究结果表明:(1)AHP-DEMATEL-GIS模型分析显示,生态保护、基底条件、景观资源和旅游开发4个维度的权重分别为0.319 9、0.299 7、0.101 1和0.279 3,其中生态保护维度占比最高,是康养旅游评价体系的核心基础;指标层中土地利用类型、植被覆盖率、与景点的距离和与道路的距离的综合权重位居前列。(2)游客关注度呈现“重自然轻人文”的偏好结构,自然与人造景观的情感均值呈正向评价;而遗址遗迹类情感均值呈现负向倾向,两者分化显著。(3)生态适宜性分区呈明显空间分异特征,其中,高与较高适宜区占比56%,呈现服务配套设施完善且生态敏感性低等特征;反之,低与较低适宜区占比24%,呈现服务配套设施稀缺且生态敏感性高等特征。据此,提出了“五级梯度”发展策略,并构建“一核三层五区”的空间规划结构,形成闭环发展路径,为同类国家森林公园康养型生态旅游发展提供参考。
⑴Background——Health care tourism is an emerging form of tourism,and National Forest Parks serve as ideal bases for it.At present,research on National Forest Parks mainly focuses on three major fields:quantitative assessment of ecosystem services,spatial planning and zoning management and tourism development strategies.Research on tourism development,for its part,has mostly explored the construction of tourism infrastructure and the design of tourist routes,while lacking a systematic exploration of the transformation paths of resource values from the perspective of ecological suitability.⑵Methods——Taking Beijing Xishan National Forest Park as an example,this paper selected 16 indicators from four dimensions—ecological protection,basic conditions,landscape resources and tourism development—to construct an evaluation system for the ecological suitability of National Forest Parks,and evaluated the ecological suitability of Beijing Xishan National Forest Park by applying the AHP-DEMATEL-GIS model.The research data were mainly derived from the tourist reviews posted on major tourism platforms including Dianping,Ctrip,Mafengwo and Qunar from September 2019 to August 2025,with a total of 11400 valid data obtained.⑶Results——First,ecological protection is the prerequisite and core foundation for the sustainable development of health care tourism tourism,and its quality directly determines the development potential of health care resources.Second,the tourists attention shows a preference structure of prioritizing natural landscapes over cultural ones.The average emotional ratings of natural and man-made landscapes are positive,while those of historical sites and relics are negative.Third,the areas with high suitability are mainly distributed around the eastern entrance,scenic spots and residential areas,and the areas with relatively high suitability are mainly distributed along the park s periphery and major roads.These areas are generally characterized by low ecological sensitivity,complete supporting service facilities and convenient transportation.In contrast,most areas with low and relatively low suitability are located in the northwest and southeast parts of the park,featuring high ecological sensitivity and a scarcity of supporting service facilities.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above research conclusions,the following policy suggestions are proposed for the tourism development and planning layout of Beijing Xishan National Forest Park:First,restrict the development of areas with low and relatively low suitability and strengthen the support of ecological foundations for health care services.Second,moderately develop areas with general suitability.Highlight their function as ecological and cultural hubs,foster light health care formats,implement the standards for low-carbon and detachable facilities,optimize infrastructure and service efficiency,and develop integrated programs combining popular science education with ecological health care.Third,optimize the development of areas with relatively high suitability.Strengthen the empowerment of ecological foundations for natural healing and promote the transformation of cultural resources into humanistic values.Fourth,actively develop areas with high suitability and enhance tourist flow management and community participation.Fifth,Beijing Xishan National Forest Park can be divided into five functional zones to form a logical closed-loop of“conservation-restoration-connection-transformation-feedback”.
作者
孙媛媛
赵梓彤
SUN Yuanyuan;ZHAO Zitong(School of Architecture,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300380,China)
出处
《林业经济问题》
北大核心
2026年第1期49-62,共14页
Issues of Forestry Economics
基金
天津市教委社会科学重大项目(2023JWZD34)。
