摘要
主要就自然体验影响身心健康进行相关文献的梳理和回顾,对自然体验有利于身心健康的理论基础、行为影响机制和神经生理机制进行分析.研究认为:1)亲生命性假设、注意恢复理论和减压理论解释了自然体验有利于身心健康的原理.2)多感官的自然体验有利于身心健康,很多自然体验疗法已应用于临床.3)自然体验会诱发更大的P100、N170与LPP波幅,以及较高的α波与β波波幅,同时还会激活苍白球、壳核和尾状核头组成的基底神经节,激活楔叶、颞叶和前额叶等脑区,还会改变神经递质.从5个方面提出未来可能的研究方向:1)关注自然体验有利于身心健康的调节变量.应充分挖掘生活满意度、价值观等内在心理品质在二者之间的作用,从而探明人与自然和谐相处的内生变量;2)探索自然体验有利于身心健康的发展性.结合纵向研究,从而发现自然体验有利于身心健康动态发展的规律;3)加强自然体验有利于身心健康的心理干预应用性.将视觉自然疗法、园艺疗法、户外访谈疗法和芳香疗法等充分应用于实践;4)促进建成环境的可行性.在微观层面,应加强多学科的研究方法,提供更具包容性的绿地,从而为人类的福祉和居住环境提供便利;5)构建自然体验有利于身心健康的综合模型.要努力利用环境投资促进健康公平,增加接触自然的机会.
This study mainly reviews the relevant literature on the impact of natural experience on physical and mental health,which especially analyzes the theoretical basis,behavioral influence mechanism,as well as their neuromechanism.This study found that:1)The biophilia hypothesis,attention restoration theory,and stress-reduction theory explained the principle that natural experi⁃ences were beneficial to physical and mental health.2)Multi-sensory nature experiences were good for physical and mental health that plenty of therapies have been used in the clinic.3)Natural experiences induced larger amplitudes of P100,N170,and LPP,and higher amplitudes of alpha and beta waves,as well as activation of the basal ganglia for the pallidum,putamen,and caudate nuclei.Meanwhile,it can activate brain regions such as the cuneus,temporal,and prefrontal lobes,as well as alterations in neurotransmit⁃ters.This article proposed possible future research directions from five aspects.Firstly,it should focus on the moderating variables of natural experiences that benefit physical and mental health.It should fully explore the role of inner psychological qualities such as life satisfaction and values between the two,so as to explore the endogenous variables of harmonious coexistence between human and na⁃ture.Secondly,exploring the development characteristics of natural experiences is beneficial to physical and mental health combined with longitudinal research which can find the law that natural experience is conducive to the dynamic development of physical and men⁃tal health.Thirdly,strengthening the application of psychological intervention to natural experience is beneficial to physical and men⁃tal health that the visual therapy,horticultural therapy,outdoor interview therapy and aromatherapy are fully applied in the real life.Moreover,promoting the viability of the built environment,especially multidisciplinary research methods should be strengthened and provide more inclusive green spaces,thus facilitating human well-being and living environments at the micro level.Furthermore,con⁃structing a comprehensive model that natural experience is beneficial to physical and mental health.It is significant to make an effort to use environmental investments to promote health equity and increase access to nature.
作者
刘显翠
李金星
周爱保
LIU Xiancui;LI Jinxing;ZHOU Aibao(School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu)
出处
《四川师范大学学报(自然科学版)》
2026年第2期184-199,共16页
Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BMZ095)
甘肃省教育科学“十四五”规划项目重点课题(GS[2022]GHBZ172)。
