摘要
为评价短生育期甘蓝型冬油菜在华南冬闲稻田种植的适应性,以‘阳光131’、‘中油925’、‘大地95’、‘中油995’、‘中油988’、‘湘油420’、‘中油早1号’和‘湘油228’等8个短生育期甘蓝型冬油菜品种为材料,在江西省吉安市(26°58′N)和广东省广州市(23°08′N)冬闲稻田同期种植,比较2个试验点供试油菜生育期、产量、品质等性状指标,并分析各指标与气象因子的相关性,评估短生育期甘蓝型冬油菜从长江流域南移至华南地区种植的可行性。结果表明:广州种植的甘蓝型冬油菜生育期比吉安试验点缩短了26~41 d,产量增加了−28.80%~11.61%;广州试验点的油菜株高、第一分枝高度和单角粒数比吉安试验点分别增加8.01%、16.33%和24.65%,一次分枝数、单株有效角果数和千粒重比吉安试验点分别低4.71%、9.70%和21.26%;菜籽硫代葡萄糖甙和含油量分别比吉安试验点升高27.86%和4.34%,芥酸、蛋白质含量比吉安试验点分别降低70.65%、6.68%。相关性分析表明,生育期、菜籽产量、千粒重与各发育阶段降雨量、终花-成熟期平均气温均呈显著正相关,与播种-终花期平均气温、昼夜温差以及全生育期积温、昼夜温差均呈负相关;单角粒数与各发育阶段降雨量、终花-成熟期平均气温均呈显著负相关,与播种-终花期平均气温、昼夜温差以及全生育期积温、昼夜温差均呈显著正相关。‘湘油420’、‘中油925’和‘中油988’等3个品种从吉安引种至广州种植,均表现熟期适宜,适应性较好,‘湘油420’生育期缩短至137 d,产量由1891.39增加至2111.08 kg/hm^(2),‘中油925’和‘中油988’的生育期分别缩短至142和144 d,产量分别为1986.03和2161.81 kg/hm^(2),其中‘湘油420’和‘中油925’的含油量均显著增加,且3个品种都符合“双低”油菜标准。综上,不同短生育期甘蓝型冬油菜品种南移种植的适应性差别大,其中熟期适宜、产量高、粒重较重或变化小、硫代葡萄糖甙含量低的油菜品种(‘湘油420’‘中油925’‘中油988’)引种到华南冬闲稻田种植可实现优质高产。
To evaluate the feasibility of cultivating short-growth-duration winter rapeseed(Brassica napus)in low-latitude fallow paddy fields of South China,a total of 8 varieties(‘Yangguang 131’,‘Zhongyou 925’,‘Dadi 95’,‘Zhongyou 995’,‘Zhongyou 988’,‘Xiangyou 420’,‘Zhongyouzao 1’,and‘Xiangyou 228’)from the middle and lower Yangtze River areas were tested in Guangzhou.These varieties were plan in winter fallow fields at two sites:Ji’an(26°58′N)in Jiangxi Province and lower-latitude area in Guangzhou(23°08′N)in Guangdong Province.Key agronomic traits including growth duration,seed yield,nutritional quality and their relationships with meteorological conditions were systematically analyzed.The results showed that:Compared to Ji’an,the growth duration in Guangzhou was significantly shortened by 26 to 41 d.Yield variations ranged from−28.80% to 11.61%,with‘Xiangyou 420’,‘Zhongyou 925’,and‘Zhongyou 988’,which demonstrated their superior adaptability.Notably,‘Xiangyou 420’achieved a growth duration of 137 d and a yield increase from 1891.39 to 2111.08 kg/hm^(2),while‘Zhongyou 925’and‘Zhongyou 988’yielded 1986.03 and 2161.81 kg/hm^(2)with growth duration of 142 and 144 d,respectively.Agronomic trait analysis revealed significant geographical differences.The height of rapeseed plants,primary branch height and number of angle grains in Guangzhou test site increased by 8.01%,16.33% and 24.65%,respectively,compared with Ji’an test site.However,the number of primary branches,productive siliques per plant,and 1000-grain weight decreased by 4.71%,9.70%,and 21.26%,respectively,highlighting trade-offs between vegetative and reproductive growth under warmer conditions.The contents of glucosinolate and oil increased by 27.86% and 4.34%,respectively.the content of erucic acid and protein was reduced by 70.65% and 6.68%,respectively.Correlation analysis demonstrated that growth duration,seed yield,and 1000-grain-weight showed significant positive correlations with rainfall during various growth stages and average temperature from the final flowering to maturity,while exhibiting negative correlations with average temperature from sowing to initial flowering and from initial flowering to final flowering periods,diurnal temperature variation,accumulated temperature,and temperature difference throughout the entire growth duration.Conversely,the number of angle grains demonstrated significant negative correlations with rainfall during various growth stages and average temperature from the final flowering to maturity period,but it showed significant positive correlations with average temperatures from sowing to initial flowering and from initial flowering to final flowering,diurnal temperature variation,accumulated temperature,and temperature difference during the whole growth stage,which emphasized the sensitivity of reproductive traits to microclimate variations.In conclusion,significant adaptability differences exist among these short-growthduration rapeseed varieties when introduced to low-latitude regions.Varieties such as‘Xiangyou 420’,‘Zhongyou 925’,and‘Zhongyou 988’combined with appropriate growth duration(137 to 144 d),have high yield stability,high seed weight or low variability,and superior nutritional profiles,which make them ideal candidates for expanding winter rapeseed cultivation into South China’s fallow paddy fields.
作者
彭菁菁
陈明
汪家凯
李妹娟
刘彦卓
胡香玉
胡锐
梁开明
傅友强
康子硕
欧阳凤仔
潘俊峰
PENG Jingjing;CHEN Ming;WANG Jiakai;LI Meijuan;LIU Yanzhuo;HU Xiangyu;HU Rui;LIANG Kaiming;FU Youqiang;KANG Zishou;OUYANG Fengzai;PAN Junfeng(Rice Research Institute/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Improvement and Quality Improvement of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330046,China;Ji’an Institute of Agricultural Science,Ji’an 343103,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期228-240,共13页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
2024年广东省乡村振兴战略专项(粤农农计〔2024〕68号)
国家油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12-64)
江西省油料产业技术体系(JXARS-02)
广东省农业科学院水稻研究所“优谷计划”项目(2024YG02)。
关键词
甘蓝型冬油菜
南移
产量
农艺性状
品质
winter rapeseed(Brassica napus)
introduction trial
seed yield
agronomic traits
nutritional quality
