摘要
为应对人工割胶成本高、胶工紧缺等问题,以机械化割胶等采胶方式替代人工割胶成为必然发展趋势。该研究选择现有相对成熟的3款固定式割胶机,参考割胶技术规程,开展为期8个月的割胶机割胶性能验证试验。结果表明:3款固定式割胶机的设计各有优势,而在实际应用中有两款能较好完成割胶动作,且从全年总产量来看,鲜胶产量可达人工割胶的68.87%~71.15%,而通过不断调试后,产量在后期的11—12月已能达到人工割胶水平。参照割胶技术规程检查,割胶质量技术综合评分上,固定式割胶机较人工割胶差,其在割胶深度、耗皮、时间、伤口率等方面的功能还有待进一步研发改进。总的来看,固定式割胶机具备替代人工割胶的潜力。该研究同时总结了固定式割胶机在实际割胶过程中可能发生的问题,并指出研究与改进的方向,可为固定式割胶机的研究和制造提供参考,以提升割胶机的整体适用性,加快橡胶树割胶机的实际生产应用进程。
Given issues such as high costs of manual rubber tapping and a shortage of tappers,rubber harvesting methods like mechanized tapping have become an inevitable trend to replace manual tapping.In this study,3 relatively mature fixed rubber tapping machines were selected,and 8-month performance verification tests on their tapping performance were conducted with reference to the technical regulations for rubber tapping.The results showed that each of the 3 fixed rubber tapping machines has its own advantages in design;in practical application,two of them can well accomplish tapping operations.In terms of total annual output,the fresh latex yield reached 68.87%~71.15%of that from manual tapping,and after continuous debugging,the yield in the later period(November—December)achieved the level of manual tapping.Inspection against the technical regulations for rubber tapping indicated that,in the comprehensive technical score for tapping quality,fixed rubber tapping machines were inferior to manual tapping.Their performance in aspects such as tapping depth,bark consumption,time efficiency,and wound rate still requires further research and improvement.Overall,fixed rubber tapping machines have the potential to replace manual tapping.This study also summarized the possible problems in the actual tapping process of fixed rubber tapping machines and pointed out directions for research and improvement,which can provide references for the research and manufacturing of such machines.This is expected to enhance their overall applicability and accelerate the process of their practical production application in rubber tree tapping.
作者
张强皓
高小俊
何海宁
刘忠亮
亚华金
施晓玲
穆洪军
黎小清
李明谦
杨耀文
ZHANG Qianghao;GAO Xiaojun;HE Haining;LIU Zhongliang;YA Huajin;SHI Xiaoling;MU Hongjun;LI Xiaoqing;LI Mingqian;YANG Yaowen(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree,Jinghong 666100,China;Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,China)
出处
《热带农业科技》
2026年第1期100-107,共8页
Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology
基金
2023年中央财政天然橡胶良种良法项目-自动化机械化割胶技术集成熟化基地建设(646)
云南天然橡胶产业集团江城有限公司李明谦专家基层科研工作站(云人社通[2022]17号)
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系西双版纳综合试验站(CARS-33-YN1)
云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项资金项目(RF2025)。
关键词
橡胶树
割胶
自动化
机械性能
效果评价
rubber trees
tapping
automation
mechanical performance
effect evaluation
