摘要
磷是植物生长必需的矿质元素,磷素流失导致的水体富营养化是当前全球关注的重大环境问题。根表铁膜是植物根系表面形成的铁氧化物/氢氧化物胶膜,对植物根系和土壤界面磷素迁移转化至关重要。本研究通过文献调研,系统综述根表铁膜的形成机制、对磷迁移转化的影响及其调控策略。结果表明:根表铁膜的形成是植物根系泌氧、微生物介导及环境因子等过程协同作用的结果,低磷胁迫、干湿交替及适量Fe^(2+)添加等条件可促进铁膜形成。铁膜通过物理-化学吸附、生物活化与微生物协同、环境因子等过程影响磷的迁移转化,对磷素富集和生物有效性具有双重作用。在调控技术方面,氧化还原条件改变、基质组分添加、植被类型选择及关键基因表达等途径均可定向调控铁膜形成与磷循环功能,提高磷利用效率和污染物阻控能力。现有研究面临磷铁作用多因子耦合机制复杂、分子机制及微生物驱动认识不系统等挑战,未来研究建议开展多因子控制实验定量阐明不同因子或条件下的主导机制与调控路径,深入解析微生物-植物-铁膜相互作用的分子机制,探明关键功能基因在磷调控过程中的作用。
Phosphorus is an essential element for plant growth.However,phosphorus loss from soil to water can cause water eutrophication,which has become a major global environmental problem.Root iron plaque,a layer of iron oxides or hydroxides that forms on the root surfaces of wetland plants,plays a critical role in regulating the migration and transformation of phosphorus at the plant-soil interface.This study systematically reviews the formation mechanisms of iron plaque,its impact on phosphorus transport and transformation,and the corresponding regulation strategies through comprehensive literature analysis.The results indicate that the formation of root iron plaque is driven by plant root aeration,microbial mediation,and environmental factors.Conditions such as phosphorus deficiency,alternating wet-dry cycles,and appropriate Fe^(2+) concentrations significantly promote its development.Iron plaque affects phosphorus migration and transformation through physicochemical adsorption,redox-mediated activation,microbial synergy,and environmental factors,exhibiting a dual role in phosphorus enrichment and bioavailability.As for the regulation strategies,modifying the redox conditions,adjusting substrate composition,selecting appropriate vegetation types,and regulating key gene expression can optimize iron plaque formation and enhance its phosphorus cycling,thereby improving phosphorus use efficiency and pollutant immobilization capacity.Current research is limited by the complexity of phosphorus-iron coupling mechanisms and insufficient understanding of the molecular and microbial drivers involved.Future studies should conduct multifactorial control experiments to identify key regulatory pathways under varying conditions,and to elucidate molecular interactions within the plant-microbes-iron plaque system,with a focus on clarifying the key functional genes involved in phosphorus regulation.
作者
刘兴红
薄博
谢自建
李春华
汪洋
冯婧微
叶春
LIU Xinghong;BO Bo;XIE Zijian;LI Chunhua;WANG Yang;FENG Jingwei;YE Chun(College of Environmental and Safety Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110000,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期152-159,共8页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.42307037)。
关键词
根表铁膜
磷循环
调控机制
土壤调理剂
root iron plaque
phosphorus cycle
regulatory mechanism
soil conditioner
