摘要
[背景]随着电子烟流行率的增加,青少年的电子烟环境暴露状况也日趋严重,探究电子烟环境暴露状况及影响因素有助于为青少年烟草防控措施的制定提供参考。[目的]了解上海市职校学生的电子烟环境暴露状况及影响因素,并探索其对学生使用电子烟行为的影响。[方法]采用整群抽样法调查上海市4所职校共4890名学生,调查内容包括一般情况、烟草使用情况(卷烟、电子烟)、他人(同伴、家长)使用电子烟情况、电子烟环境暴露(烟雾暴露、售卖暴露、信息暴露)情况。通过问卷星进行网上匿名问卷调查,SPSS 24.0进行统计分析,采用卡方检验和logistic回归进行数据分析。[结果]调查对象现在和尝试吸电子烟率分别为2.29%和8.94%。有电子烟烟雾暴露、电子烟售卖暴露和信息暴露的学生比例分别为41.0%、63.3%、77.3%。男生(45.3%)电子烟烟雾暴露高于女生(34.5%),而女生的电子烟售卖暴露率(65.4%)和信息暴露率(78.8%)高于男生(61.9%和76.2%)(P均<0.05)。有朋友吸电子烟增加电子烟烟雾暴露风险(OR=7.32,95%CI:6.37~8.41)、售卖暴露风险(OR=3.10,95%CI:2.70~3.56)和信息暴露风险(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.25~1.69);现在吸卷烟、家长使用电子烟、不住校也增加职校学生电子烟烟雾及售卖暴露风险(P<0.01),而零花钱越多,电子烟售卖暴露和信息暴露的风险也越大(P<0.001)。环境电子烟烟雾暴露增加学生现在(OR=6.21,95%CI:3.75~10.29)及尝试(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.82~2.77)吸电子烟的风险;电子烟售卖暴露及信息暴露途径越多,学生吸电子烟的风险也越大(2种以上途径暴露vs.无暴露,P均<0.05)。[结论]青少年电子烟环境暴露状况较严重且会增加其电子烟的使用风险,需要采取有效措施改善环境暴露状况,并加强青少年控烟教育,减少同伴电子烟使用的影响,重点关注女生及零花钱较多的青少年人群。
[Background]As electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes)are becoming increasingly prevalent,adolescents are experiencing growing levels of environmental exposure to them.Investigating the status and influencing factors of such exposure is essential to inform the development of targeted tobacco control strategies for youth.[Objective]To investigate the environmental exposure to electronic cigarettes among vocational school students in Shanghai,identify its influencing factors,and assess its impact on e-cigarette use behavior.[Methods]By cluster sampling,a total of 4890 students were recruited from 4 vocational schools in Shanghai.A questionnaire was designed to collect information on general characteristics,tobacco use(cigarettes and e-cigarettes),peer/parental e-cigarette use,and environmental e-cigarette exposure(environmental aerosol exposure,e-cigarette sales exposure and ecigarette-related information exposure).Data were collected via Wenjuanxing(an online survey platform)anonymously and analyzed using SPSS 24.0.Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.[Results]The current vaping rate and vaping attempt rate were 2.29%and 8.94%among all participants.The proportions of students exposed to e-cigarette aerosol,e-cigarette sales,and e-cigarette-related information were 41.0%,63.3%,and 77.3%,respectively.The exposure to environmental e-cigarette aerosol was higher among male students(45.3%)than among female students(34.5%),while the exposure to e-cigarette sales(65.4%)and e-cigarette-related information(78.8%)were higher among female students than among males(61.9%,76.2%),respectively(P<0.05).Having friends using e-cigarettes increased the risk of exposure to e-cigarette aerosol(OR=7.32,95%CI:6.37,8.41),exposure to e-cigarette sales(OR=3.10,95%CI:2.70,3.56),and exposure to e-cigarette-related information(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.25,1.69).Current cigarette smoking,parental e-cigarette use,and not living on campus also increased the risk of environmental e-cigarette aerosol exposure and sales exposure among the participants(P<0.01).Higher pocket money was significantly associated with increased risks of exposure to e-cigarette sales and e-cigarette information(P<0.001).Environmental e-cigarette aerosol exposure increased the risk of current(OR=6.21,95%CI:3.75,10.29)and attempt(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.82,2.77)e-cigarette use among the participants.Furthermore,reporting exposure to two or more categories of e-cigarette sales and information was associated with a higher risk of e-cigarette use than those reporting no exposure(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The adolescents are severely exposed to environmental e-cigarette,which increases their risk of e-cigarette use.We recommend implementing measures to mitigate environmental exposures,strengthen tobacco control education,and reduce peer influence related to e-cigarette use,with particular attention to female adolescents and those with higher pocket money.
作者
陆唯怡
朱杨紫瑄
张舒娴
花明
朱静芬
LU Weiyi;ZHU Yangzixuan;ZHANG Shuxian;HUA Ming;ZHU Jingfen(School of Public Health,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
北大核心
2025年第11期1364-1370,共7页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(20BSH133)
上海市健康科普人才能力提升专项项目(JKKPYC-2024-A11)
上海市“科技创新行动计划”科普专项项目(21DZ2312900、25DZ2305600)
上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科建设项目——健康教育与健康促进(GWVI-11.1-44)。
关键词
学生
电子烟
环境暴露
烟雾
售卖
student
e-cigarette
environmental exposure
aerosol
sale
