摘要
为明确油茶品种叶、花形态等营养和繁殖性状特征对其关键经济性状的影响,本研究以江西省吉安县主栽的长林4号和长林18号油茶两个品种作为调查对象,系统分析了其叶片性状、花部特征与果实性状及产量的关系,并对其访花昆虫多样性进行了调查。结果表明:(1)两品种间叶片表型及部分花部特征存在显著差异;(2)除叶片含水量外,两品种的叶片表型(叶鲜质量、面积、厚度等7项指标)与果实大小(果长、果宽)、重量均呈显著正相关,可用于早期产量预测;(3)长林18号叶鲜质量变异系数显著高于长林4号,且花器官结构性状变异度更高,表明其对环境变化具有更强的表型可塑性;(4)在两种油茶品种中共发现13种访花昆虫,油茶地蜂和弯角盗方头泥蜂为主要访花者;(5)长林4号单果重显著高于长林18号,但其单株产量却显著低于后者。综合分析表明,长林18号凭借较高的叶片表型可塑性和更丰富的花部特征,在吸引传粉者及维持高产方面更具优势,建议在环境波动较大的丘陵山区推广种植长林18号油茶。
To clarify the influence of leaf and flower morphological characteristics of Camellia oleifera varieties on their key economic traits,this study took Changlin No.4 and Changlin No.18 planted in Ji’an County,Jiangxi Province as the objects,systematically analyzed the relationship between leaf traits,flower characteristics and fruit traits as well as the yield per plant,and investigated the visiting insects.The results show that:(1)There are significant differences in leaf phenotypes and some flower characteristics between the two varieties;(2)In addition to the moisture content of leaves,the leaf phenotypes of the two varieties(including seven indicators such as fresh leaf weight,area,and thickness)were significantly positively correlated with fruit size(fruit length and width)and weight,which can be used for early yield prediction.(3)The coefficient of variation of fresh leaf weight of Changlin No.18 is significantly higher than that of Changlin No.4,and the floral characteristics are more complex,indicating that it has stronger phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental changes.(4)A total of 13 species of flower-visiting insects were found in the two types of C.oleifera,with the C.oleifera ground wasp and the curved horned mud wasp being the main flower-visiting insects.(5)The single fruit weight of Changlin No.4 is significantly higher than that of Changlin No.18,but its single plant yield is significantly lower than the latter.Comprehensive analysis indicates that Changlin No.18,with its higher leaf phenotypic plasticity and more diverse floral features,has more advantages in attracting pollinators and maintaining high yields.It is recommended to promote its cultivation in hilly and mountainous areas with significant environmental fluctuations.
作者
蒋志茵
黄伟
甘青
薛玉洗
周琴
郭逸榴
刘钊
周兵
张艳萍
苏启陶
JIANG Zhiyin;HUANG Wei;GAN Qing;XUE Yuxi;ZHOU Qin;GUO Yiliu;LIU Zhao;ZHOU Bing;ZHANG Yanping;SU Qitao(Ji'an Forestry Science Research Institute,Ji'an,Jiangxi 343009,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Biosecurity,School of Life Sciences,Jinggangshan University,Ji'an,Jiangxi 343009,China;Liangshan College of Ji’an,Jinggangshan University,Ji'an,Jiangxi 343009,China)
出处
《井冈山大学学报(自然科学版)》
2026年第1期52-59,共8页
Journal of Jinggangshan University (Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31760122)
生物入侵与生物安全江西省重点实验室(2023SSY02111)
吉安市林业科学研究所委托项目(2023zkhx0040)。
关键词
油茶
叶表型性状
花部特征
访花昆虫
果实性状
Camellia oleifera Abel
leaf phenotypic traits
flower part characteristics
flower-visiting insects
fruit traits
