摘要
芳纶纳米纤维(aramid nanofiber,ANF)作为一类高性能芳香族聚酰胺材料,因其独特的刚性苯环、酰胺键交替排列分子结构和高强度、高模量、耐高温及化学稳定性等优异的性能,迅速成为结构材料领域的核心选择.然而,ANF在实际应用中仍面临两大瓶颈,其宏观纤维形态存在脆性高和功能单一等局限,同时由于材料自身纤维取向度低、界面结合弱,也导致了早期的溶液浇铸和热压成型等工艺逐渐被淘汰.本文利用真空抽滤法制备ANF薄膜.通过探究ANF分散液质量分数、真空压力、热压温度与压力等参数对ANF薄膜力学性能、热稳定性以及电学性能的影响,确定ANF薄膜制备的最优工艺条件:ANF分散液质量分数为5%,真空压力为0.1 kPa,热压温度为200℃,热压压力为15 MPa,该条件下制备的ANF薄膜具有优异的力学性能(拉伸强度为316.61 MPa,断裂伸长率为1.73%,杨氏模量为23.81 GPa)、热稳定性(热分解温度为560℃,残碳率为30.23%)以及电学性能(电导率为8.526×10^(-8)S/cm,击穿场强为63 kV/mm,1 kHz下的介电常数为2.157).
Aramid nanofiber(ANF),as a class of high-performance aromatic polyamide materials,are rapidly becoming the core choice in the field of structural materials due to their unique molecular structure of alternating rigid benzene rings and amide bonds and excellent properties such as high strength,high modulus,high temperature resistance and chemical stability.Yet,ANF still face two major bottlenecks in practical applications,the high brittleness of its macroscopic fiber morphology and the limitations of a single function,and at the same time,due to the materials own low fiber orientation and weak interfacial bonding,which has led to the gradual elimination of the early processes such as solution casting and hot compression molding.In this paper,ANF films were prepared by vacuum filtration.By exploring the effects of parameters such as dispersion concentration,vacuum pressure,hot pressing temperature and pressure on the mechanical,thermodynamic,and electrical properties of ANF films,the optimal process conditions for preparing ANF films were determined as follows:ANF dispersion concentration of 5%,vacuum pressure of 0.1 kPa,hot pressing temperature of 200℃,and hot pressing pressure of 15 MPa.The ANF films prepared exhibited excellent mechanical properties(tensile strength of 316.61 MPa,elongation at break of 1.73%,Young’s modulus of 23.81 GPa),thermal stability(thermal decomposition temperature of 560℃,residual carbon content of 30.23%)and electrical properties(electrical conductivity of 8.526×10^(-8)S/cm,breakdown field strength of 63 kV/mm,dielectric constant of 2.157 at 1 kHz).
作者
韩羽
耿宏章
李旭峰
HAN Yu;GENG Hongzhang;LI Xufeng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin Polytechnic University,Tianjin 300387,China;Resin based R&D Department,Hohhot Aerospace Honggang Machinery Company,Hohhot 010020,China)
出处
《河北大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第1期68-80,共13页
Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
天津市自然科学基金重点项目(15JCZDJC37900)。
关键词
芳纶纳米纤维
真空抽滤
热稳定性
力学性能
电学性能
aramid nanofiber
vacuum filtration
thermostability
mechanical properties
electrical properties
