摘要
对白于山区典型植被群落开展调查,为白于山区的生物多样性保护与植被恢复,以及“三北”攻坚提供科学依据。在广泛查阅白于山区相关资料及总结区域科考成果的基础上,以不同植物类型和立地条件为基础,采用样线调查法,选取37个代表性样地,基于APG分类系统进行群落植物多样性调查。结果表明:1)白于山区共有35科83属105种植物,其中野生种74种,栽培种31种,裸子植物2科4属6种,被子植物33科79属99种;被子植物中,双子叶植物30科69属88种,单子叶植物3科10属11种。2)科内种数由多到少为菊科>豆科>蔷薇科>禾本科>苋科>唇形科>杨柳科>夹竹桃科>松科>柏科>白刺科>柽柳科>胡颓子科>堇菜科>其他(1科1属1种的植物),蔷薇科、豆科、菊科、禾本科为优势科,共贡献48.57%的植物多样性。3)不同立地条件下的植被种类数量呈峁>涧>梁>沟>壑>塬>滩地的变化规律,优势种数量呈梁>峁>涧>壑>沟>塬>滩地的变化规律;除滩地和塬地以外,针叶树均为各立地条件下的优势种。4)白于山区物种多样性分析表明,Patrick丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(D)均呈草本>乔木>灌木的变化规律。白于山区植被群落丰富度较低,草本层在群落中占主导地位,在后期植被恢复中,应遵循“先保草本固立地、再引灌木构灌草、后适度配乔木”的分阶段策略,逐步构建灌草为主、乔灌草结合的稳定群落,实现生态改善与丰富度提升。
Through the investigation of typical vegetation communities in the Baiyu Mountain area,scientific basis is provided for the biodiversity conservation and vegetation restoration of the Baiyu Mountain area.Based on extensive review of relevant materials of the Baiyu Mountain area and summary of regional scientific research achievements,the line transect survey method was adopted,and 37 representative sample plots were selected to conduct the investigation of community vegetation diversity.The analysis based on the APG classification system shows that:1)There are 35 families,83 genera and 105 species of plants in the Baiyu Mountain area,including 74 wild species and 31 cultivated species,accounting for 70.5%and 29.5%respectively.Among them,there are 2 families,4 genera and 6 species of gymnosperms,and 33 families,79 genera and 99 species of angiosperms.Among the angiosperms,there are 30 families,69 genera and 88 species of dicotyledons,and 3 families,10 genera and 11 species of monocotyledons.2)The order of the number of species within families from large to small is Compositae>Leguminosae>Rosaceae>Gramineae>Amaranthaceae>Labiatae>Salicaceae>Apocynaceae>Pinaceae>Cupressaceae>Nitrariaceae>Tamaricaceae>Elaeagnaceae>Violaceae>others(1 family,1 genus and 1 species of plants).Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Compositae and Gramineae are the dominant families,contributing 48.57%of the plant diversity.3)The types of vegetation under different site conditions show the change pattern of mound>ravine>ridge>gully>ravine>plateau>floodplain,and the number of dominant species shows the change pattern of ridge>mound>ravine>ravine>gully>plateau>floodplain.Except for floodplain and plateau,coniferous trees are the dominant species under various site conditions.4)The analysis of species diversity in the Baiyu Mountain area shows that the Patrick richness index(R),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H),and Simpson diversity index(D)all show the change pattern of herb>tree>shrub.The richness of the vegetation community in the Baiyu mountainous area is relatively low,with the herbaceous layer dominating the community.In the later stage of vegetation restoration,a phased strategy of“first preserving herbaceous plants to stabilize the site,then introducing shrubs to form shrubs and grasses,and finally moderately adding trees”should be followed to gradually build a stable community mainly composed of shrubs and grasses and combined with trees,shrubs and grasses,achieving ecological improvement and enrichment.
作者
刘喜东
马雅莉
付守平
刘艳什
田亚君
石孟迪
石长春
LIU Xidong;MA Yali;FU Shouping;LIU Yanshen;TIAN Yajun;SHI Mengdi;SHI Changchun(Shaanxi Academy of Forestry,Xi’an 710082,Shaanxi,China;State Long-term Observation and Research Station for Mu Us Sandy Desert Ecosystem in Yulin of Shaanxi,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China;Yulin District Forestry and Grassland Ecological Restoration Center,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《西北林学院学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期37-47,69,共12页
Journal of Northwest Forestry University
基金
陕西林业科技创新重点专项(SXLK2023-02-11)
陕西林业科技创新青年人才培育专项(SXLK2023-06-6)
陕西省林业科学院科技创新计划项目(SXLK2021-0104)
榆林市科技计划项目(YF-2022-9,YF-2022-11)
国家林业和草原局“揭榜挂帅”项目(202401-04)
陕西省榆林市发展和改革委员会资助项目(2023-YLSFGW-60)。
关键词
白于山区
物种多样性
多样性指数
Baiyu Mountain area
species diversity
diversity index
